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Integrating the fire department response within a fire following earthquake framework for application in urban areas
Fire Safety Journal ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103397
Amir Sarreshtehdari , Negar Elhami Khorasani

This paper improves the existing frameworks on simulating fire following earthquake (FFE) by explicitly modeling the suppression process and the fire department response. The paper focuses on the impacts of FFE on urban areas and quantifies induced economic losses based on resources and efficiency of the fire department during post-earthquake fires. Layers of infrastructure systems, including transportation, water, and electric networks, and the building inventory are modeled and the earthquake damage to the community is characterized. The behavior of fire spread inside and between buildings is simulated based on major fire spread mechanisms. In parallel, the suppression activities are explicitly modeled and a decision-making algorithm for fire engine assignments to locations of ignition is implemented. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study. The performance of fire department response is characterized using the probability of exceedance of unsuccessful suppression scenarios, presented in the form of fragility functions. The expected direct economic losses are also presented as a function of earthquake intensity. The proposed framework can be used for planning and response applications, and to identify the tipping point of a community, above which the rate of fire spread exceeds that of suppression and the fires burn out of control.



中文翻译:

将消防部门的响应整合到火灾后地震框架中,以在城市地区应用

本文通过对抑制过程和消防部门响应进行显式建模,改进了模拟地震后火灾 (FFE) 的现有框架。本文重点研究了 FFE 对城市地区的影响,并根据地震后火灾期间消防部门的资源和效率量化了诱发的经济损失。对基础设施系统的层次,包括交通、水和电力网络以及建筑物库存进行建模,并表征地震对社区的破坏。基于主要的火灾蔓延机制来模拟建筑物内部和建筑物之间的火灾蔓延行为。同时,对抑制活动进行明确建模,并实施将消防车分配到点火位置的决策算法。建议的方法应用于案例研究。消防部门响应的性能使用超越不成功抑制场景的概率来表征,以脆弱性函数的形式呈现。预期的直接经济损失也作为地震强度的函数来表示。提议的框架可用于规划和响应应用程序,并确定社区的临界点,超过该临界点,火势蔓延速度超过抑制速度,并且火势失控。

更新日期:2021-07-01
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