Newborn calves are agammaglobulinemic and rely for their first immune protection almost completely on the transfer of immune constituents via colostrum. Inadequate colostrum management practices such as on-farm colostrum storage practices and colostrum feeding methods, could affect immune components in colostrum and subsequently immune status of the newborn calf. We conducted a scoping review to identify all literature on the interactions between several colostrum management factors and immunological colostrum quality and passive transfer of immunity. Three major stages were defined: milking methods, colostrum treatment and storage, and administration procedures. Separate CAB Abstracts searches were performed for each of the subjects of interest. The search process was completed on November 9, 2020. Colostrum should be milked as soon as possible, as IgG concentration diminishes over time, probably due to dilution. To minimize bacterial contamination, it is advised to pasteurize colostrum in small batches at maximal 60°C for 30 or 60 minutes. Freeze/thawing of colostrum does not or only slightly affects IgG concentrations, as long as thawing is done au bain-marie and temperature does not exceed 40°C. In on-farm situations, it is difficult to determine the volume that should be fed as the variables contributing to the absorption of IgG by the newborn calf are many and include the quality of the colostrum, the bacterial contamination, the time interval between birth and first moment of feeding and the weight of the calf. Despite all knowledge regarding optimal colostrum management strategies, it remains challenging to predict the effects of certain colostrum management choices in field conditions. Therefore, we recommend measuring the colostral quality, weighing the newborn calf, adjusting the feeding volume accordingly to ensure optimal colostrum intake for each calf.

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对农场初乳管理实践的范围审查，以优化奶牛的免疫力转移。

新生犊牛是无丙种球蛋白血症，它们的第一次免疫保护几乎完全依赖于免疫成分通过初乳的转移。不适当的初乳管理做法，如农场初乳储存做法和初乳喂养方法，可能会影响初乳中的免疫成分，进而影响新生犊牛的免疫状态。我们进行了范围界定审查，以确定所有关于几种初乳管理因素与免疫初乳质量和免疫被动转移之间相互作用的文献。定义了三个主要阶段：挤奶方法、初乳处理和储存以及给药程序。对每个感兴趣的主题进行了单独的 CAB Abstracts 搜索。搜索过程于2020年11月9日完成。初乳应尽快挤奶，因为 IgG 浓度随时间降低，可能是由于稀释。为最大程度地减少细菌污染，建议在最高 60°C 下对小批量的初乳进行巴氏消毒 30 或 60 分钟。只要在 au bain-marie 中解冻并且温度不超过 40°C，初乳的冷冻/解冻不会或只会轻微影响 IgG 浓度。在农场情况下，很难确定应该喂食的量，因为影响新生小牛吸收 IgG 的变量很多，包括初乳的质量、细菌污染、出生和出生之间的时间间隔。喂食的第一时刻和犊牛的重量。尽管所有关于最佳初乳管理策略的知识，在田间条件下预测某些初乳管理选择的影响仍然具有挑战性。因此，我们建议测量初乳质量，称重新生小牛，相应地调整喂食量，以确保每头小牛获得最佳的初乳摄入量。