Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-090220-112253 Emmanuel Compe, Jean-Marc Egly
In eukaryotes, transcription of protein-coding genes requires the assembly at core promoters of a large preinitiation machinery containing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and general transcription factors (GTFs). Transcription is potentiated by regulatory elements called enhancers, which are recognized by specific DNA-binding transcription factors that recruit cofactors and convey, following chromatin remodeling, the activating cues to the preinitiation complex. This review summarizes nearly five decades of work on transcription initiation by describing the sequential recruitment of diverse molecular players including the GTFs, the Mediator complex, and DNA repair factors that support RNAPII to enable RNA synthesis. The elucidation of the transcription initiation mechanism has greatly benefited from the study of altered transcription components associated with human diseases that could be considered transcription syndromes.
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了解 RNAPII 转录起始和相关综合征的漫长道路
在真核生物中,蛋白质编码基因的转录需要在包含 RNA 聚合酶 II (RNAPII) 和一般转录因子 (GTF) 的大型预起始机制的核心启动子处组装。转录由称为增强子的调节元件增强,增强子被特定的 DNA 结合转录因子识别,这些转录因子招募辅助因子并在染色质重塑后将激活线索传递给预起始复合物。本综述通过描述不同分子参与者的顺序招募,包括支持 RNAPII 以实现 RNA 合成的 GTF、介体复合物和 DNA 修复因子,总结了近 5 年在转录起始方面的工作。