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Machine gaze in online behavioral targeting: The effects of algorithmic “humanlikeness” on social presence and social influence
Computers in Human Behavior ( IF 8.957 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106926
Bingjie Liu , Lewen Wei

Digital platforms increasingly use online behavioral targeting (OBT) to enhance consumers' engagement, which involves using algorithms to “gaze” at consumers—tracking their online activities and inferring their preferences—so as to deliver relevant, personalized messages (e.g., advertisements, recommendations) to consumers. In light of the rising call for algorithmic transparency, this study investigates the effects of algorithmic transparency on consumers' experience of social presence and OBT effectiveness when the OBT algorithm has low or high level of similarity to humans' conscious mental processes. A one-factor, three-level (no transparency, vs. “observer” algorithm, vs. “judge” algorithm) online experiment with 209 participants was conducted. Results show that for individuals with low anthropomorphism tendency, the “observer” algorithm that did not form meaningful representations of consumers (i.e., low cognitive similarity to humans) reduced social presence, thereby compromising OBT effectiveness. The algorithm that “judged” consumers on meaningful dimensions (i.e., high cognitive similarity to humans) had no such effects. Findings suggest that anthropomorphism as an important psychological mechanism that drives consumers' interaction with OBT platforms may be inhibited by algorithmic transparency. Theoretical implications for understanding individuals’ experience in OBT and human-machine communication and practical implications for designing algorithmic transparency in OBT practices are discussed.



中文翻译:

在线行为定位中的机器凝视:算法“人性化”对社会存在和社会影响的影响

数字平台越来越多地使用在线行为定位 (OBT) 来增强消费者的参与度,这涉及使用算法“注视”消费者——跟踪他们的在线活动并推断他们的偏好——从而提供相关的个性化信息(例如,广告、推荐) ) 给消费者。鉴于对算法透明度的呼声日益高涨,本研究调查了当 OBT 算法与人类有意识的心理过程具有低或高水平的相似性时,算法透明度对消费者社交存在体验和 OBT 有效性的影响。对 209 名参与者进行了单因素、三级(无透明度、“观察者”算法、“判断”算法)在线实验。结果表明,对于拟人化倾向较低的个体,“观察者”算法没有形成有意义的消费者表征(即与人类的低认知相似性)降低了社会存在感,从而影响了 OBT 的有效性。根据有意义的维度(即与人类的高度认知相似性)“判断”消费者的算法没有这种效果。研究结果表明,拟人化作为推动消费者与 OBT 平台互动的重要心理机制可能会受到算法透明度的抑制。讨论了理解个人在 OBT 和人机通信中的经验的理论意义以及在 OBT 实践中设计算法透明度的实际意义。从而影响 OBT 的有效性。根据有意义的维度(即与人类的高度认知相似性)“判断”消费者的算法没有这种效果。研究结果表明,拟人化作为推动消费者与 OBT 平台互动的重要心理机制可能会受到算法透明度的抑制。讨论了理解个人在 OBT 和人机通信中的经验的理论意义以及在 OBT 实践中设计算法透明度的实际意义。从而影响 OBT 的有效性。根据有意义的维度(即与人类的高度认知相似性)“判断”消费者的算法没有这种效果。研究结果表明,拟人化作为推动消费者与 OBT 平台互动的重要心理机制可能会受到算法透明度的抑制。讨论了理解个人在 OBT 和人机通信中的经验的理论意义以及在 OBT 实践中设计算法透明度的实际意义。算法透明度可能会抑制与 OBT 平台的交互。讨论了理解个人在 OBT 和人机通信中的经验的理论意义以及在 OBT 实践中设计算法透明度的实际意义。算法透明度可能会抑制与 OBT 平台的交互。讨论了理解个人在 OBT 和人机通信中的经验的理论意义以及在 OBT 实践中设计算法透明度的实际意义。

更新日期:2021-06-22
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