People endorse colorblind and genderblind ideologies to appear unbiased toward race or gender, but although they have similar meanings these two ideologies have not been compared across public and private contexts. Given that laws make both gender and race discrimination illegal in public settings, such as schools and workplaces, people may hold similar ideologies in public, professional settings. However, differences in how gender and race are viewed in private contexts, such as friendships or families, could contribute to differential endorsement and use of the ideologies. The current research measured the self-reported endorsement of genderblind or colorblind ideologies in different contexts (Studies 2 and 3) and a behavioral manifestation of blindness within a decision-making paradigm (Studies 1, 2, and 3). In this paradigm, participants imagined themselves in an academic and/or social situation and chose which of two targets of different genders or races should join them in a group. Being blind to race or gender involved opting out of this choice. Participants also rated the appropriateness of using gender and race to make these decisions (Study 3). As predicted, in private, social situations participants (a) endorsed colorblindness more than genderblindness, (b) were more likely to show blind decision-making in cross-race than cross-gender choices, and (c) perceived race-based decisions as more inappropriate than gender-based decisions. In public (academic and work) situations, colorblind and genderblind measures were equivalent. Thus, people's beliefs about the value of being blind to gender and race differ in social situations and this difference has implications for equality.

中文翻译：

---

比较公共和私人环境中的性别盲和色盲意识形态

人们认可色盲和性别盲的意识形态，以使其对种族或性别没有偏见，但尽管这两种意识形态具有相似的含义，但尚未在公共和私人环境中进行比较。鉴于法律将学校和工作场所等公共场所的性别和种族歧视定为非法，人们在公共、专业环境中可能持有类似的意识形态。然而，在私人环境（例如友谊或家庭）中如何看待性别和种族的差异可能会导致对意识形态的不同认可和使用。当前的研究测量了在不同背景下（研究 2 和 3）以及决策范式（研究 1、2 和 3）中失明的行为表现，自我报告的对性别盲或色盲意识形态的认可。在这个范式中，参与者想象自己处于学术和/或社会环境中，并选择两个不同性别或种族的目标中的哪一个应该加入一个小组。对种族或性别视而不见涉及选择退出此选择。参与者还评估了使用性别和种族来做出这些决定的适当性（研究 3）。正如预测的那样，在私下的社交场合，参与者 (a) 认可色盲多于性别盲，(b) 比跨性别选择更可能在跨种族中表现出盲目决策，以及 (c) 将基于种族的决策视为比基于性别的决定更不恰当。在公共（学术和工作）情况下，色盲和性别盲的措施是等效的。因此，人们的