Present distribution grids generally have limited sensing capabilities and are therefore characterized by low observability. Improved observability is a prerequisite for increasing the hosting capacity of distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) in distribution grids. In this context, this paper presents learning-aided low-voltage estimation using untapped but readily available and widely distributed sensors from cable television (CATV) networks. The cable broadband sensors offer timely local voltage magnitude sensing with 5-minute resolution and can provide an order of magnitude more data on the time-varying state of a secondary distribution system than currently deployed utility sensors. The proposed solution incorporates voltage readings from neighboring CATV sensors, taking into account spatio-temporal aspects of the observations, and estimates single-phase voltage magnitudes at all non-monitored low-voltage buses using random forests. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated using a multi-phase 1572-bus feeder from the SMART-DS data set for two case studies - passive distribution feeder (without PV) and active distribution feeder (with PV). The analysis was conducted on simulated data, and the results show voltage estimates with a high degree of accuracy, even at extremely low percentages of observable nodes.

中文翻译：

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具有分布式能源资源的低压配电网中的电压估算

目前的配电网通常具有有限的传感能力，因此具有低可观察性的特点。提高可观测性是提高分布式能源（如太阳能光伏 (PV)）在配电网中的承载能力的先决条件。在这种情况下，本文介绍了使用来自有线电视 (CATV) 网络的未开发但现成且分布广泛的传感器的学习辅助低压估计。有线宽带传感器提供及时的本地电压幅度感测，分辨率为 5 分钟，并且可以提供比当前部署的公用事业传感器多一个数量级的关于二次配电系统时变状态的数据。提议的解决方案结合了来自相邻 CATV 传感器的电压读数，考虑到观察的时空方面，并使用随机森林估计所有非监控低压总线的单相电压幅度。使用来自 SMART-DS 数据集的多相 1572 总线馈线用于两个案例研究 - 无源配电馈线（无 PV）和有源配电馈线（带 PV）证明了所提议方法的有效性。分析是在模拟数据上进行的，结果显示了具有高度准确性的电压估计，即使是在可观察节点的百分比极低的情况下。使用来自 SMART-DS 数据集的多相 1572 总线馈线用于两个案例研究 - 无源配电馈线（无 PV）和有源配电馈线（带 PV）证明了所提议方法的有效性。分析是在模拟数据上进行的，结果显示了具有高度准确性的电压估计，即使在可观察节点的百分比极低的情况下也是如此。使用来自 SMART-DS 数据集的多相 1572 总线馈线用于两个案例研究 - 无源配电馈线（无 PV）和有源配电馈线（带 PV）证明了所提议方法的有效性。分析是在模拟数据上进行的，结果显示了具有高度准确性的电压估计，即使是在可观察节点的百分比极低的情况下。