Hydrogen is becoming an increasingly appealing energy carrier, as the costs of renewable energy generation and water electrolysis continue to decline. Developing scalable modeling and decision tools for the H $_{2}$ supply chain that fully capture the flexibility of various resources is essential to understanding the overall cost-competitiveness of H $_{2}$ use. Here, we develop a H $_{2}$ supply chain planning model that determines the least-cost mix of H $_{2}$ generation, storage, transmission, and compression facilities to meet H $_{2}$ demands and is coupled with power systems through electricity prices. We incorporate flexible scheduling for H $_{2}$ trucks and pipeline, allowing them to serve as both H $_{2}$ transmission and storage resources to shift H $_{2}$ demand/production across space and time. The proposed model provides a reasonable trade-off between modeling accuracy and computational time, with linear relaxations for truck inventory routing and H $_{2}$ production unit commitment. The case study results in the U.S. Northeast indicate that the proposed flexible scheduling of H $_{2}$ transmission and storage resources is critical not only to cost minimization but also to the choice of H $_{2}$ production pathways between electrolysis and natural gas based production. Trucks as mobile storage could make intermittent electrolytic H $_{2}$ production more competitive by providing extra spatiotemporal flexibility.

中文翻译：

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具有灵活传输和存储调度的氢供应链规划

随着可再生能源发电和水电解的成本不断下降，氢正成为一种越来越有吸引力的能源载体。为 H 开发可扩展的建模和决策工具 $_{2}$ 充分捕捉各种资源灵活性的供应链对于理解 H 的整体成本竞争力至关重要 $_{2}$用。在这里，我们开发了一个 H $_{2}$ 确定 H 的最低成本组合的供应链计划模型 $_{2}$ 满足 H 的发电、存储、传输和压缩设施 $_{2}$需求并通过电价与电力系统耦合。我们为 H 合并了灵活的调度 $_{2}$ 卡车和管道，允许它们同时作为 H $_{2}$ 传输和存储资源转移 H $_{2}$跨空间和时间的需求/生产。所提出的模型在建模精度和计算时间之间提供了合理的权衡，卡车库存路线和 H 的线性松弛 $_{2}$生产单位承诺。美国东北部的案例研究结果表明，H $_{2}$ 传输和存储资源不仅对成本最小化而且对 H 的选择至关重要 $_{2}$电解和天然气生产之间的生产途径。卡车作为移动存储可以制造间歇性电解氢 $_{2}$ 通过提供额外的时空灵活性，生产更具竞争力。