Since 2003, when the European Union (E.U.) announced the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS), multiple efforts have been made to replace lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based piezoelectric materials. However, despite these efforts, very few PZT alternatives have been found. The Lithium niobate (LN) is one such lead-free piezoelectric material often used in acoustic applications due to its high signal generation efficiency, high curie temperature, and high mechanical Q factor. However, LN is not suitable for miniaturized applications because of its low dielectric constant and high electrical impedance. In this paper, we aim to address the problem of the low-dielectric constant of LN while avoiding hazardous PZT material. We propose to utilize 1–3 composites structure with LN and barium titanate (BT), which has a high dielectric constant while controlling acoustic properties such as density, dielectric constant, sound velocity. We also developed new LN-BT modeling to design piezoelectric composite with interdigital pair bonding (IPB) technique, based on previous PZT-polymer 1–3 composite modeling. We verified that the composite components are lead-free by examining with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This proposed lead-free composite with high-dielectric and lower electrical impedance is better suited for miniaturized applications.

中文翻译：

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用叉指对键合技术制备铌酸锂和钛酸钡无铅压电复合材料

自 2003 年欧盟 (EU) 宣布有害物质限制 (RoHS) 以来，已做出多项努力以取代基于锆钛酸铅 (PZT) 的压电材料。然而，尽管做出了这些努力，但很少发现 PZT 替代品。铌酸锂 (LN) 是一种常用于声学应用的无铅压电材料，因为它具有高信号生成效率、高居里温度和高机械 Q 因数。然而，LN 不适合小型化应用，因为它具有低介电常数和高电阻抗。在本文中，我们旨在解决 LN 介电常数低的问题，同时避免有害的 PZT 材料。我们建议使用具有 LN 和钛酸钡 (BT) 的 1-3 复合材料结构，具有高介电常数，同时控制密度、介电常数、声速等声学特性。我们还开发了新的 LN-BT 建模，以设计具有叉指对键合 (IPB) 技术的压电复合材料，基于之前的 PZT-聚合物 1-3 复合材料建模。我们通过使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 进行检查，验证了复合组件是无铅的。这种具有高介电性和低电阻抗的无铅复合材料更适合小型化应用。基于之前的 PZT-聚合物 1-3 复合材料建模。我们通过使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 进行检查，验证了复合组件是无铅的。这种具有高介电性和低电阻抗的无铅复合材料更适合小型化应用。基于之前的 PZT-聚合物 1-3 复合材料建模。我们通过使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 进行检查，验证了复合组件是无铅的。这种具有高介电性和低电阻抗的无铅复合材料更适合小型化应用。