Silicone is widely used in chronic implants and is generally perceived to be safe. However, textured breast implants have been associated with immune-related complications, including malignancies. Here, by examining for up to one year the foreign body response and capsular fibrosis triggered by miniaturized or full-scale clinically approved breast implants with different surface topography (average roughness, 0–90 μm) placed in the mammary fat pads of mice or rabbits, respectively, we show that surface topography mediates immune responses to the implants. We also show that the surface surrounding human breast implants collected during revision surgeries also differentially alters the individual’s immune responses to the implant. Moreover, miniaturized implants with an average roughness of 4 μm can largely suppress the foreign body response and fibrosis (but not in T-cell-deficient mice), and that tissue surrounding these implants displayed higher levels of immunosuppressive FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells. Our findings suggest that, amongst the topographies investigated, implants with an average roughness of 4 μm provoke the least amount of inflammation and foreign body response.

有机硅广泛用于慢性植入物，通常被认为是安全的。然而，有纹理的乳房植入物与免疫相关并发症有关，包括恶性肿瘤。在这里，通过长达一年的时间检查由放置在小鼠或兔子乳腺脂肪垫中的具有不同表面形貌（平均粗糙度，0-90 μm）的小型或全尺寸临床批准的乳房植入物引发的异物反应和包膜纤维化，我们分别表明，表面形貌介导对植入物的免疫反应。我们还表明，在翻修手术期间收集的人类乳房植入物周围的表面也会不同地改变个体对植入物的免疫反应。而且，⁺调节性 T 细胞。我们的研究结果表明，在所研究的形貌中，平均粗糙度为 4 μm 的植入物引起的炎症和异物反应最少。