Teacher plays an important role in the educational system. Teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, school climate, as well as workplace well-being and stress are four individual characteristics shown to be associated with tendency to turnover. In this article, data from TALIS 2018 teacher questionnaire are analyzed, with the goal to understand the interplay amongst these four individual characteristics. The main purposes of this study are to (1) measure extreme response style for each scale using unidimensional nominal response models, and (2) investigate the kernel causal paths among teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, school climate and workplace well-being and stress in the TALIS-PISA linked countries/economies. Our findings support the existence of extreme response style, the rational non-normal distribution assumption of latent traits, and the feasibility of kernel causal inference in educational sector. Results of the present study inform the development of future correlational research and policy making in education.

中文翻译：

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TALIS 中教师自我效能感、工作满意度、学校氛围和工作场所幸福感和压力之间的核心因果关系

教师在教育系统中扮演着重要的角色。教师自我效能感、工作满意度、学校氛围以及工作场所的幸福感和压力是与离职倾向相关的四个个人特征。在本文中，分析了 TALIS 2018 教师问卷的数据，目的是了解这四个个体特征之间的相互作用。本研究的主要目的是 (1) 使用一维名义反应模型测量每个量表的极端反应方式，以及 (2) 调查教师自我效能感、工作满意度、学校氛围和工作场所幸福感之间的核心因果路径，以及TALIS-PISA 相关国家/经济体的压力。我们的研究结果支持极端反应风格的存在，潜在特征的合理非正态分布假设，核因果推理在教育领域的可行性。本研究的结果为未来教育相关研究和政策制定的发​​展提供了信息。