In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a yeast cell wall fraction (YCW) to reduce the negative impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the intestinal epithelium in broiler chickens. Zeta potential (ζ-potential), point of zero charge (pHpzc), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the YCW. Two-hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments: [1] Control, chickens fed an AFB1-free diet; [2] AF, chickens feed an AFB1-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB1/g); [3] YCW, chickens fed an AFB1-free diet + 0.05% YCW; and [4] AF+YCW, chickens feed an AFB1-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB1/g) + 0.05% YCW. At the end of the 21-d feeding period, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) was administered to chicks by oral gavage to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage. Blood and duodenum samples were collected to assess serum biochemistry and histomorphology, respectively. Compared to the Control group, chicks of the AF group significantly diminished weight gain (WG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), as well as increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate (MR), and intestinal lesion scores (P < 0.05). Alterations in some serum biochemical parameters and damage to the intestinal integrity were also evident in the AF intoxicated birds. YCW supplementation improved WG and FCR, and increased villus height, villus area, crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells in villi. The effects of YCW on growth performance were not significant in chicks of the AF+YCW group; however, the treatment decreased MR and significantly ameliorated some biochemical and histomorphological alterations. The beneficial effect of YCW was more evident in promoting gut health since chickens of the AF+YCW group presented a significant reduction in serum FITC-d concentration. This positive effect was mainly related to the changes in negative charges of YCW due to changes in pH, the net negative surface charge above the pHpzc, the higher quantities of negative charged functional groups on the YCW surface, and its ability to form large aggregates.

中文翻译：

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减轻 AFB1 相关的肉鸡肠上皮毒性损伤消耗了酵母细胞壁部分

进行了体内实验以评估酵母细胞壁组分 (YCW) 减少黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1) 对肉鸡肠道上皮的负面影响的有效性。Zeta 电位（ζ 电位）、零电荷点（pHpzc）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术用于表征 YCW。将 208 只 1 日龄雄性 Ross 308 肉鸡随机分配到四个处理组： [1] 对照组，鸡饲喂无 AFB1 日粮；[2] AF，鸡饲喂受 AFB1 污染的饲料（500 ng AFB1/g）；[3] YCW，鸡饲喂不含 AFB1 的饮食 + 0.05% YCW；[4] AF+YCW，鸡饲喂受 AFB1 污染的饮食 (500 ng AFB1/g) + 0.05% YCW。在第 21 天饲养期结束时，将异硫氰酸荧光素葡聚糖 (FITC-d) 通过口服强饲法施用于小鸡以评估胃肠道渗漏。收集血液和十二指肠样本以分别评估血清生化和组织形态学。与对照组相比，AF 组雏鸡的增重（WG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显着降低，饲料转化率（FCR）、死亡率（MR）和肠道病变评分（P < 0.05)。在 AF 中毒的鸟类中，一些血清生化参数的改变和肠道完整性的损害也很明显。YCW 补充剂改善了 WG 和 FCR，并增加了绒毛高度、绒毛面积、隐窝深度和绒毛中杯状细胞的数量。YCW对AF+YCW组雏鸡生长性能的影响不显着；然而，治疗降低了MR并显着改善了一些生化和组织形态学改变。YCW 在促进肠道健康方面的有益作用更加明显，因为 AF+YCW 组鸡的血清 FITC-d 浓度显着降低。这种积极影响主要与 YCW 负电荷因 pH 值变化、pHpzc 以上的净负表面电荷、YCW 表面上更多负电荷官能团及其形成大聚集体的能力而发生变化有关。