Approaches that integrate feedback between climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) have progressed significantly in scope and complexity. The so-called nexus approaches have shown their usefulness in assessing strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in the contexts of increasing demands, resource scarcity, and climate change. However, most nexus analyses omit some important inter-linkages that could actually be addressed. The omissions often stem from technical and practical considerations, but also from limited dissemination of new open-source frameworks incorporating recent advances. We review and present a set of models that can meet the needs of decision makers for analysis tools capable of addressing a broad range of nexus questions. Particular attention is given to model accessibility, usability and community support. The other objective of this review is to discuss research gaps, and critical needs and opportunities for further model development from a scientific viewpoint. We explore at different scales where and why some nexus interactions are most relevant. We find that both very small scale and global models tend to neglect some CLEW interactions, but for different reasons. The former rarely include climate impacts, which are often marginal at the local level, while the latter mostly lack some aspects because of the complexity of large full CLEW systems at the global level.

中文翻译：

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跨尺度的气候-土地-能源-水关系模型：进展、差距和最佳可达性实践

整合气候、土地、能源和水 (CLEW) 之间反馈的方法在范围和复杂性方面取得了显着进展。在需求不断增加、资源稀缺和气候变化的背景下，所谓的联系方法已显示出它们在评估实现可持续发展目标的战略方面的有用性。然而，大多数关联分析忽略了一些实际上可以解决的重要相互联系。遗漏通常源于技术和实践方面的考虑，但也源于纳入最新进展的新开源框架的有限传播。我们审查并提出了一组模型，这些模型可以满足决策者对能够解决广泛的关联问题的分析工具的需求。特别注意模型的可访问性、可用性和社区支持。本次审查的另一个目标是从科学的角度讨论研究差距以及进一步模型开发的关键需求和机会。我们在不同的尺度上探索了一些关联交互在哪里以及为什么最相关。我们发现非常小规模和全局模型都倾向于忽略一些 CLEW 交互，但原因不同。前者很少包括气候影响，这在地方层面通常是边缘的，而后者由于全球层面的大型完整 CLEW 系统的复杂性而大多缺乏某些方面。我们发现非常小规模和全局模型都倾向于忽略一些 CLEW 交互，但原因不同。前者很少包括气候影响，这在地方层面通常是边缘的，而后者由于全球层面的大型完整 CLEW 系统的复杂性而大多缺乏某些方面。我们发现非常小规模和全局模型都倾向于忽略一些 CLEW 交互，但原因不同。前者很少包括气候影响，这在地方层面通常是边缘的，而后者由于全球层面的大型完整 CLEW 系统的复杂性而大多缺乏某些方面。