Hematopoiesis is based on the existence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with the capacity to self-proliferate and self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells. The hematopoietic niche is the essential microenvironment where stem cells reside and integrate various stimuli to determine their fate. Recent studies have identified niche containing high level of calcium (Ca^2 +) suggesting that HSCs are sensitive to Ca^2 +. This is a highly versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Advanced methods for measuring its concentrations, genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information into its specific roles to integrate signaling into an array of mechanisms that determine HSC identity, lineage potential, maintenance, and self-renewal. Accumulating and contrasting evidence, are revealing Ca^2 + as a previously unacknowledged feature of HSC, involved in functional maintenance, by regulating multiple actors including transcription and epigenetic factors, Ca^2 +-dependent kinases and mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondria are significant participants in HSC functions and their responsiveness to cellular demands is controlled to a significant extent via Ca^2 + signals. Recent reports indicate that mitochondrial Ca^2 + uptake also controls HSC fate. These observations reveal a physiological feature of hematopoietic stem cells that can be harnessed to improve HSC-related disease. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge Ca^2 + in hematopoietic stem cell focusing on its potential involvement in proliferation, self-renewal and maintenance of HSC and discuss future research directions.

造血是基于造血干细胞 (HSC) 的存在，该细胞具有自我增殖和自我更新或分化成特化细胞的能力。造血生态位是干细胞赖以生存并整合各种刺激以确定其命运的基本微环境。最近的研究已经确定了含有高水平钙 (Ca ^{2  +} ) 的生态位，这表明 HSC 对 Ca ^{2  +敏感}. 这是一种高度通用且无处不在的第二信使，可调节多种细胞功能。用于测量其浓度、遗传实验、细胞命运追踪数据、单细胞成像和转录组学研究的先进方法提供了有关其特定作用的信息，以将信号整合到确定 HSC 身份、谱系潜力、维持和自我的一系列机制中。更新。积累和对比的证据表明，Ca ^{2  +作为 HSC 以前未被承认的特征，通过调节包括转录和表观遗传因子在内的多个参与者，Ca 2 +}参与功能维持 依赖性激酶和线粒体生理学。线粒体是 HSC 功能的重要参与者，它们对细胞需求的反应在很大程度上通过 Ca ^{2  +}信号控制。最近的报告表明线粒体 Ca ^{2  +}摄取也控制 HSC 的命运。这些观察结果揭示了造血干细胞的生理特征，可用于改善 HSC 相关疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对造血干细胞中Ca ^{2  +}的认识，重点关注其在HSC增殖、自我更新和维持中的潜在作用，并讨论了未来的研究方向。