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Mars Land Use Policy Implementation: Approaches and Best Methods
Space Policy ( IF 1.609 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2021.101442
Angela M. Dapremont

Sending humans to Mars has been a component of the official US space policy of multiple presidential administrations. Additional stakeholders with interests in visiting Earth's terrestrial neighbor in the coming decades include private companies and the space agencies of other spacefaring nations. Numerous motivations exist for humans to explore and settle on the Martian surface, including environmental suitability and species survival, the search for life, scientific and technological development, economic profitability, and fundamental human nature. However, if human settlement and sustainability on Mars is expected to become a reality, existing legal regime deficiencies must be addressed, six of which I have identified: (1) national jurisdiction and responsibilities, (2) resource utilization, (3) conflict resolution and central authority, (4) environmental protection, (5) future settler legal status, and (6) social justice. This article examines the feasibility of various land use policies applied to the Mars case. I conduct a policy option evaluation of the following proposed land use approaches using assessment criteria based on the identified legal deficiencies: (1) bounded first possession by landfall [Collins, 2008], (2) bounded possession with planetary parks [Bruhns and Haqq-Misra, 2016], (3) liberating Mars [Haqq-Misra, 2015], (4) a Mars tax [Collins, 2008], and (5) planetary parks [Cockell and Horneck, 2004]. Based on this analysis, I recommend approach (2), which allows for bounded possession and creates planetary parks. This approach sufficiently addresses all assessment criteria by permitting occupation and resource rights to limited plots of land on the Martian surface, advocating for a Mars Secretariat as a conflict mediation method, implementation of a planetary park system to protect valuable lands, and designating the application of laws within and outside of land claim areas. Implications of the findings presented here are valuable not only for the future exploration and settlement of Mars but other solar system bodies where human activity may be an eventual reality.



中文翻译:

火星土地利用政策实施:途径和最佳方法

将人类送上火星一直是美国多届总统政府官方太空政策的组成部分。有兴趣在未来几十年访问地球的地球邻居的其他利益相关者包括私营公司和其他航天国家的航天机构。人类探索和定居火星表面的动机有很多,包括环境适宜性和物种生存、寻找生命、科学和技术发展、经济盈利能力和基本人性。然而,如果人类在火星上定居和可持续发展有望成为现实,则必须解决现有法律制度的缺陷,我已经确定了其中六个:(1)国家管辖权和责任,(2)资源利用,(3)解决冲突和中央权威,(4) 环境保护,(5) 未来定居者的法律地位,以及 (6) 社会正义。本文考察了适用于火星案例的各种土地利用政策的可行性。我使用基于确定的法律缺陷的评估标准对以下拟议的土地利用方法进行了政策选择评估:(1) 通过登陆限制首次占有 [Collins, 2008],(2) 限制占有行星公园 [Bruhns 和 Haqq- Misra,2016 年],(3) 解放火星 [Haqq-Misra,2015 年],(4) 火星税 [Collins,2008 年],以及 (5) 行星公园 [Cockell 和 Horneck,2004 年]。基于此分析,我推荐方法 (2),它允许有界占有并创建行星公园。这种方法通过允许对火星表面有限地块土地的占用和资源权、倡导将火星秘书处作为冲突调解方法、实施行星公园系统来保护宝贵的土地以及指定应用土地要求区域内外的法律。这里提出的发现的意义不仅对未来火星的探索和定居有价值,而且对人类活动可能成为最终现实的其他太阳系天体也很有价值。

更新日期:2021-06-20
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