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The principle of no significant harm in international water law
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics ( IF 2.404 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s10784-020-09517-0
Susanne Schmeier , Joyeeta Gupta

Human impacts on freshwater systems and related ecosystems are ever-growing as demands for water, food and energy increase. The development of large-scale irrigation systems in response to food insecurity can affect the availability of water for other uses and users. The use of fertilizers or pesticides in agriculture can negatively impact on the quality of a watercourse and affect other uses in the same basin. The construction of dams for hydropower generation in response to energy security challenges can disturb the flow of a river, its sediment transport or the migration of fish species, negatively affecting those that depend on these resources and ecosystem services for a living in the same or other parts of a basin. The abstraction of groundwater from an aquifer in order to meet water supply and sanitation needs of the population can impact on the availability of water for irrigation in the same or in a different region. And the growing use of modern technologies in the context of globalization can also have impacts on the access and harm to water. Such developments increasingly threaten ecosystems, livelihoods and economic opportunities of people. The use of water resources by one actor can thus cause harm to others. Increasing pressure on water resources—coupled with the impacts of global climate change—is likely to lead to such harm ever more often and more intensively in the future. At the level of shared watercourses—rivers, lakes and aquifers that transcend the boundaries of nation states—these challenges are of even greater complexity. The use of water resources by one state can harm other states in the basin, potentially leading to tensions or conflicts between them. Such conflicts—as examples from around the world show— can have negative effects way beyond water resources and their sustainable management, including negative repercussions on economic relations, the deterioration of political relations and increasing regional instability. Aiming at mitigating such risks—for the environment and the services it provides to people, communities and countries as well as for cooperation and peace—the principle of no significant harm has developed in international environmental law more generally and

中文翻译:

国际水法无重大损害原则

随着对水、食物和能源需求的增加,人类对淡水系统和相关生态系统的影响不断增加。为应对粮食不安全而发展大规模灌溉系统会影响其他用途和用户的水供应。在农业中使用化肥或杀虫剂会对水道质量产生负面影响,并影响同一流域的其他用途。为应对能源安全挑战而建造水电站大坝可能会扰乱河流的流动、泥沙运输或鱼类迁徙,对依赖这些资源和生态系统服务在同一地区或其他地区生活的人产生负面影响。盆地的一部分。从含水层抽取地下水以满足人口的供水和卫生需求可能会影响同一地区或不同地区的灌溉用水。在全球化背景下越来越多地使用现代技术也会对水的获取和危害产生影响。这种事态发展日益威胁着人们的生态系统、生计和经济机会。因此,一个行为者对水资源的使用可能对其他人造成伤害。水资源压力的增加——加上全球气候变化的影响——很可能在未来更频繁、更严重地导致这种危害。在共享水道层面——跨越民族国家边界的河流、湖泊和含水层——这些挑战更加复杂。一国对水资源的使用可能会损害流域内的其他国家,从而可能导致它们之间的紧张局势或冲突。此类冲突——正如来自世界各地的例子所表明的——可能会产生超出水资源及其可持续管理的负面影响,包括对经济关系的负面影响、政治关系的恶化和地区不稳定的加剧。为了减轻此类风险——对于环境及其为人民、社区和国家提供的服务以及合作与和平——在国际环境法中制定了更普遍的无重大损害原则,此类冲突——正如来自世界各地的例子所表明的——可能产生的负面影响远远超出水资源及其可持续管理,包括对经济关系的负面影响、政治关系的恶化和地区不稳定的加剧。为了减轻此类风险——对于环境及其为人民、社区和国家提供的服务以及合作与和平——在国际环境法中制定了更普遍的无重大损害原则,此类冲突——正如来自世界各地的例子所表明的——可能产生的负面影响远远超出水资源及其可持续管理,包括对经济关系的负面影响、政治关系的恶化和地区不稳定的加剧。为了减轻此类风险——对于环境及其为人民、社区和国家提供的服务以及合作与和平——在国际环境法中制定了更普遍的无重大损害原则,
更新日期:2020-11-04
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