Abstract Discrimination against the unemployed operates through attributions, is unjustifiable, and is nearly instantaneous. Experimental Studies 1 and 2 find that unemployment discrimination operates through attributions, as emphasizing an uncontrollable and external cause for unemployment onset alleviates discrimination. Experimental Studies 3 and 4 find that unemployment stigma is unjustifiable on productivity grounds, as formerly unemployed workers are judged negatively once on the job, even when we control for on-the-job performance. Across the studies, unemployed workers are perceived not only as less competent but also as less warm. Study 5 is a field study in which fictionalized resumes are sent to real employers. Controlling for qualifications, it finds that discrimination against the unemployed occurs nearly instantaneously to becoming unemployed.

中文翻译：

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心理污名化在失业歧视中的作用

摘要 对失业者的歧视是通过归因来运作的，是没有道理的，而且几乎是瞬间发生的。实验研究 1 和 2 发现失业歧视是通过归因来运作的，因为强调失业开始的不可控和外部原因可以减轻歧视。实验研究 3 和 4 发现，以生产力为由，失业污名是不合理的，因为即使我们控制了在职表现，以前失业的工人在工作后也会受到负面评价。在所有研究中，失业工人被认为不仅能力不足，而且热情不高。研究 5 是一项实地研究，其中将虚构的简历发送给真正的雇主。控制资质，