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Local mortality estimates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Journal of Population Economics ( IF 4.700 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s00148-021-00857-y
Augusto Cerqua 1 , Roberta Di Stefano 2 , Marco Letta 1 , Sara Miccoli 3
Affiliation  

Estimates of the real death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic have proven to be problematic in many countries, Italy being no exception. Mortality estimates at the local level are even more uncertain as they require stringent conditions, such as granularity and accuracy of the data at hand, which are rarely met. The “official” approach adopted by public institutions to estimate the “excess mortality” during the pandemic draws on a comparison between observed all-cause mortality data for 2020 and averages of mortality figures in the past years for the same period. In this paper, we apply the recently developed machine learning control method to build a more realistic counterfactual scenario of mortality in the absence of COVID-19. We demonstrate that supervised machine learning techniques outperform the official method by substantially improving the prediction accuracy of the local mortality in “ordinary” years, especially in small- and medium-sized municipalities. We then apply the best-performing algorithms to derive estimates of local excess mortality for the period between February and September 2020. Such estimates allow us to provide insights about the demographic evolution of the first wave of the pandemic throughout the country. To help improve diagnostic and monitoring efforts, our dataset is freely available to the research community.



中文翻译:

意大利 COVID-19 大流行期间的当地死亡率估计

事实证明,对 COVID-19 大流行的实际死亡人数的估计在许多国家都是有问题的,意大利也不例外。地方一级的死亡率估计更加不确定,因为它们需要严格的条件,例如手头数据的粒度和准确性,而这些条件很少得到满足。公共机构采用的“官方”方法来估算大流行期间的“超额死亡率”,是对 2020 年观察到的全因死亡率数据与过去几年同期的平均死亡率数据进行了比较。在本文中,我们应用最近开发的机器学习控制方法,在没有 COVID-19 的情况下构建了一个更现实的死亡率反事实情景。我们证明,监督机器学习技术通过显着提高“普通”年份当地死亡率的预测准确性,尤其是在中小型城市,其性能优于官方方法。然后,我们应用性能最佳的算法得出对 2020 年 2 月至 2020 年 9 月期间当地超额死亡率的估计。这些估计使我们能够提供有关全国第一波大流行的人口演变的见解。为了帮助改进诊断和监测工作,我们的数据集可供研究界免费使用。然后,我们应用性能最佳的算法得出对 2020 年 2 月至 2020 年 9 月期间当地超额死亡率的估计。这些估计使我们能够提供有关全国第一波大流行的人口演变的见解。为了帮助改进诊断和监测工作,我们的数据集可供研究界免费使用。然后,我们应用性能最佳的算法得出对 2020 年 2 月至 2020 年 9 月期间当地超额死亡率的估计。这些估计使我们能够提供有关全国第一波大流行的人口演变的见解。为了帮助改进诊断和监测工作,我们的数据集可供研究界免费使用。

更新日期:2021-06-19
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