In the process of global transition to a sustainable low-carbon economy, the two major low-carbon energy technologies, namely, methane (CH₄) storage and methane capture face the same challenge, that is, the lack of efficient adsorbents. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have potential value in the field of gas adsorption storage because of their high specific surface area, good porosity, and adjustable pore structure. In this study, the structural design and synthesis methods of MOFs are introduced, and the research progress and problems associated with MOF materials in methane storage and capture are reviewed. The current research status of methane storage at high pressure is introduced in terms of volumetric and gravimetric uptake. For methane capture at atmospheric pressure, emphasis is placed on CH₄/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ separation and methane capture technologies. Finally, the problems and challenges of using MOF materials to achieve efficient methane storage and capture are analyzed and future prospects are presented.

在全球向可持续低碳经济转型的过程中，甲烷（CH ₄）封存和甲烷捕集两大低碳能源技术面临着同样的挑战，即缺乏高效的吸附剂。金属有机骨架（MOF）材料由于具有高比表面积、良好的孔隙率和可调节的孔结构，在气体吸附存储领域具有潜在价值。本研究介绍了MOFs的结构设计和合成方法，综述了MOF材料在甲烷储存和捕获方面的研究进展和相关问题。从体积吸收和重量吸收两个方面介绍了高压储存甲烷的研究现状。对于大气压下的甲烷捕获，重点放在 CH₄ /N ₂和CO ₂ /CH ₄分离和甲烷捕获技术。最后，分析了使用 MOF 材料实现高效甲烷储存和捕获的问题和挑战，并提出了未来前景。