Restoration of degraded ecosystems is a global issue, particularly in rural regions where excessive loss of natural vegetation has occurred. We investigated, at both landscape and patch scales, the benefits to butterfly communities of restoration by revegetation (planting trees and shrubs), typical of many rural landscapes in south-eastern Australia. We surveyed eight pairs of landscapes (200 ha each) dominated either by remnant or restored woody vegetation, along a gradient of wooded cover. In total, 1,683 individuals of 11 butterfly species were recorded by transect counts, with the fauna dominated by four generalist species. At the landscape scale, there were similar patterns of occurrence of butterflies in remnant and restored landscapes: species richness was not related to the gradient in wooded cover, but overall abundance of butterflies increased with wooded cover. At the patch scale there was a similar richness of butterflies in revegetation and remnants (greater than in pasture), with abundance greater in remnants. Individual species showed distinctive responses to patch types (i.e. remnants, revegetation, scattered trees, pasture). In all patch types, the ground layer was dominated by exotic plants and most observations (78%) of butterflies taking nectar were from exotics. Revegetation in farmland created new wooded habitat, at least for common butterfly species, despite the study being undertaken during severe drought. Benefits of revegetation will be enhanced by actions at both the landscape scale (extent, connectivity of habitat), and patch scale (habitat quality) through promoting native ground-layer species favored for adult foraging and as larval host plants.

中文翻译：

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蝴蝶社区是否受益于农村环境中的林地恢复？从澳大利亚东南部看风景

恢复退化的生态系统是一个全球性问题，特别是在自然植被过度丧失的农村地区。我们在景观和斑块尺度上调查了通过重新植被（种植树木和灌木）恢复蝴蝶群落的好处，这是澳大利亚东南部许多乡村景观的典型特征。我们调查了八对景观（每对 200 公顷），这些景观以残余或恢复的木本植被为主，沿着树木覆盖的梯度。横断面计数总共记录了 11 种蝴蝶的 1,683 只个体，其中动物群以四种通才物种为主。在景观尺度上，残余和恢复景观中蝴蝶的出现模式相似：物种丰富度与树木覆盖的梯度无关，但蝴蝶的整体丰度随着树木繁茂的覆盖而增加。在斑块尺度上，重新植被和残余物中的蝴蝶数量相似（比牧场多），残余物的数量更大。个别物种对斑块类型（即残余物、重新植被、散落的树木、牧场）表现出独特的反应。在所有斑块类型中，地面层以外来植物为主，大多数观察 (78%) 的蝴蝶采食花蜜来自外来植物。尽管这项研究是在严重干旱期间进行的，但农田的植被恢复创造了新的树木繁茂的栖息地，至少对于常见的蝴蝶物种来说是这样。景观尺度（范围、栖息地的连通性）、