Dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been associated with adolescent risk-taking and internalizing behavior, but previous results in community samples have been mixed. We investigated whether ANS activity was associated with higher risk-taking and internalizing behavior in young adolescents (age 11/12; n = 875), and whether adolescents' gender, parents' parenting style or a combination of both moderated these associations. Adolescents and their parents were recruited as part of the population-based, longitudinal Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. Risk-taking behavior was assessed with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the personality characteristics sensation seeking and impulsivity, measured with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Internalizing behavior was assessed via the SURPS subscales anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness. Authoritative (AUTH-SW) and authoritarian (AUTH-S) parenting styles were measured with the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Resting ANS activity was assessed via heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Hierarchical, multivariable regression analyses showed higher RSA, but not heart rate, being associated with higher risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking. The associations between ANS activity and risk-taking variables were not significantly moderated by gender, parenting, or interactions between gender and parenting. Our findings suggest that RSA activity may be a relevant factor in mild to moderate risk-taking behavior in adolescents from the general population, regardless of their gender or the type of parenting they experience.

中文翻译：

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青少年自主神经系统活动与冒险和内化行为之间的关联

失调的自主神经系统 (ANS) 活动与青少年冒险和内化行为有关，但之前在社区样本中的结果好坏参半。我们调查了 ANS 活动是否与青少年（11/12 岁；n = 875)，以及青少年的性别、父母的养育方式或两者的组合是否调节了这些关联。青少年及其父母被招募为基于人口的纵向阿姆斯特丹出生儿童及其发展 (ABCD) 研究的一部分。使用气球模拟风险任务评估冒险行为，并使用物质使用风险概况量表（SURPS）测量人格特征感觉寻求和冲动。通过 SURPS 子量表焦虑敏感性和绝望评估内化行为。权威 (AUTH-SW) 和专制 (AUTH-S) 育儿风格通过育儿风格和维度问卷进行测量。通过心率和呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 评估静息 ANS 活动。分层的，多变量回归分析显示较高的 RSA，但不是心率，这与较高的冒险行为和感觉寻求有关。ANS 活动与冒险变量之间的关联并未受到性别、养育或性别与养育之间的相互作用的显着调节。我们的研究结果表明，RSA 活动可能是普通人群中青少年轻度至中度冒险行为的相关因素，无论他们的性别或他们经历的养育方式如何。