In this research, a whale-optimized fuzzy PID controller was developed to manage automatic generation control in multiple-area electrical energy systems with an availability-based tariff (ABT) pricing scheme. The objective of this work is to minimize the power production costs, area control errors (ACEs), and marginal costs of the multiple-area electrical energy system with real-time load and frequency variation conditions. The generation of power, deviation of power in the tie line, and deviation of frequency of the interconnected three-area electrical energy system, including the hydrothermal steam power plant and gas power plant, will be measured and analyzed rigorously. Based on the output from the whale optimization, the fuzzy PID controller regulates the deviation of power in the tie line and the deviation of frequency of the interconnected three-area electrical energy system. The reliability and suitability of the proposed optimization, i.e., whale-optimized fuzzy PID controller, are investigated against already presented methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms.

中文翻译：

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多区域电力系统的自动发电控制，具有由鲸鱼优化模糊 PID 控制器调节的基于可用性的关税定价方案

在这项研究中，开发了一种鲸鱼优化模糊 PID 控制器，用于管理具有基于可用性的关税 (ABT) 定价方案的多区域电能系统中的自动发电控制。这项工作的目标是在实时负载和频率变化条件下，最大限度地减少多区域电能系统的电力生产成本、区域控制误差 (ACE) 和边际成本。对包括水热蒸汽发电厂和燃气发电厂在内的互联三区电能系统的发电量、联络线功率偏差和频率偏差进行严格测量和分析。基于鲸鱼优化的输出，模糊PID控制器调节联络线功率偏差和互联三区电能系统的频率偏差。所提出的优化（即鲸鱼优化模糊 PID 控制器）的可靠性和适用性与已经提出的方法（如粒子群优化和遗传算法）进行了研究。