Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications working on TinyOS operating system is widely used in various areas. However, the requirement of managing the power constraints makes TinyOS different from ordinary systems and hence building WSNs with TinyOS can be a challenging and time-consuming task. As successfully applied in many other domains, model-driven engineering (MDE) can facilitate the design and implementation of such applications. Within this context, the researchers have performed noteworthy studies on deriving various MDE approaches and tools. However, these studies do not support the synchronization between TinyOS application models and the generated programs especially when any change is made in the programs. Hence, in this paper, we introduce a model-driven round-trip engineering (RTE) methodology in which both the MDE of TinyOS applications and synchronization between TinyOS instance models and corresponding code are provided with the use of a toolchain. A domain-specific modeling language, called DSML4TinyOS is used for the MDE of such applications while existing TinyOS programs can be reverse engineered in an environment, called RE4TinyOS. Models retrieved from the existing programs can be automatically processed again with DSML4TinyOS. Evaluation results showed that it is possible to obtain the configurations of the TinyOS applications completely just modeling with DSML4TinyOS whereas the same process leads the automatic creation of almost half of the module parts of these applications. Moreover, the time required for developing such systems from scratch decreased approximately to its half. The results also showed that both model-code synchronization and the integration of existing TinyOS applications which do not have system models previously, into the proposed MDE are possible with using RE4TinyOS. RE4TinyOS succeeded in the reverse engineering of all main parts of the TinyOS applications taken from the official TinyOS Github repository and generated models were able to be visually processed in the MDE environment for further modifications.

在 TinyOS 操作系统上工作的无线传感器网络 (WSN) 应用程序被广泛应用于各个领域。然而，管理功率限制的要求使得 TinyOS 与普通系统不同，因此使用 TinyOS 构建 WSN 可能是一项具有挑战性和耗时的任务。正如在许多其他领域中的成功应用一样，模型驱动工程 (MDE) 可以促进此类应用程序的设计和实现。在此背景下，研究人员对推导各种 MDE 方法和工具进行了值得注意的研究。然而，这些研究不支持 TinyOS 应用程序模型和生成的程序之间的同步，尤其是在程序中进行任何更改时。因此，在本文中，我们介绍了一种模型驱动的往返工程 (RTE) 方法，其中使用工具链提供 TinyOS 应用程序的 MDE 以及 TinyOS 实例模型和相应代码之间的同步。一种称为 DSML4TinyOS 的特定领域建模语言用于此类应用程序的 MDE，而现有的 TinyOS 程序可以在称为 RE4TinyOS 的环境中进行逆向工程。从现有程序中检索的模型可以使用 DSML4TinyOS 再次自动处理。评估结果表明，仅使用 DSML4TinyOS 建模就可以完全获得 TinyOS 应用程序的配置，而相同的过程导致这些应用程序的近一半模块部分的自动创建。而且，从头开始开发此类系统所需的时间减少了大约一半。结果还表明，使用 RE4TinyOS 可以实现模型代码同步以及将以前没有系统模型的现有 TinyOS 应用程序集成到建议的 MDE 中。RE4TinyOS 成功地对取自官方 TinyOS Github 存储库的 TinyOS 应用程序的所有主要部分进行了逆向工程，生成的模型能够在 MDE 环境中进行可视化处理以进行进一步修改。