Societal changes as evidenced in so-called ‘wicked problems’ have become all the more salient in recent times. Traditional governance approaches, which include hierarchy, markets, networks and societal self-governance, are ill-equipped to face the following challenges: regional economic development, urban renewal, social inequality, sustainability, climate change, integral youth care, the ageing workforce in the public services sector, economic growth, the development of future-proof infrastructure and crises. These technically difficult matters require specific knowledge but there is a lack of consensus about how to tackle them, which also makes them complicated at the social level. Such societal issues call for appropriate governance but traditional public administration – characterised by hierarchy, bureaucracy through organisation, and representative democracy – has led to ‘the decline of poor governance and corruption’. New Public Management (NPM) promised ‘increased efficiency and transparency’ but has failed to offer ‘the coherence, innovation, public values and involvement that new challenges require’ (p. 13). New Public Governance has seen greater use of collaboration and horizontal administration but ‘exclusion, limited transparency and high transaction costs’ have been recognised as drawbacks. This volume’s introductory chapter reminds us that complicated issues, however, ‘are never truly solved, and it is always possible to do better’ (p. 12). The success of newer governance arrangements therefore lies in their hybridity: ‘they transcend the borders of traditional sectors, policy domains and jurisdictional levels’ by combining ‘different or

中文翻译：

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智能混合：新治理安排的潜力和挑战

近来，以所谓的“邪恶问题”为明证的社会变化变得更加突出。传统的治理方法，包括等级制度、市场、网络和社会自治，无法应对以下挑战：区域经济发展、城市更新、社会不平等、可持续性、气候变化、综合青年护理、老龄化劳动力公共服务部门、经济增长、面向未来的基础设施的发展和危机。这些技术上的难点需要特定的知识，但如何解决却缺乏共识，这也使它们在社会层面上变得复杂。此类社会问题需要适当的治理，但需要传统的公共行政——其特点是等级制度、官僚主义通过组织、代议制民主——导致了“治理不善和腐败的衰落”。新公共管理 (NPM) 承诺“提高效率和透明度”，但未能提供“新挑战所需的连贯性、创新、公共价值和参与”（第 13 页）。新公共治理已经看到更多地使用协作和横向管理，但“排斥、有限的透明度和高交易成本”被认为是缺点。本书的介绍性章节提醒我们，复杂的问题“从来没有真正解决过，而且总是有可能做得更好”（第 12 页）。因此，新的治理安排的成功在于它们的混合性：“它们超越了传统部门、政策领域和管辖级别的界限”，将“不同的或