In this paper, a detailed numerical study is conducted to evaluate the lateral earth pressure acting on geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls with an anisotropic granular backfill subjected to strip footing loadings. To this end, the well-established lower bound theory of limit analysis coupled with the robust second order cone programming (SOCP) and the finite element discretization method is exploited and implemented in the stability analysis of reinforced retaining structures. For the finite element limit analysis, a number of constraints associated with the lower-bound axioms are satisfied, including element equilibrium, discontinuity equilibrium, boundary conditions and the yield criterion enforcement. By adopting second-order cone programming (SOCP) optimization, the nonlinear Mohr-coulomb failure criterion is simulated using three nodal auxiliary variables defined as functions of nodal stresses generated at each point. In addition, the primal-dual interior-point algorithm is adopted to gain the optimal solution for the unknown stress variables in the SOCP optimization problem. Accordingly, the contribution of soil inherent anisotropy to the influence of a number of parameters on the lateral earth pressure is thoroughly examined. It was observed that as the anisotropy ratio increases (the horizontal friction angle decreases) and the number of reinforcement layers decreases, the coefficient of active earth pressure increases in all cases of geosynthetic-reinforced retaining structure. Decreasing the number of reinforcement layers in the retained backfill will be translated into an equivalent softened material; hence, increasing the active earth pressure coefficient. In addition, the increase in the anisotropy ratio leads to the overall decrease in the shear strength of the backfill soil, causing the retaining structure to reach the limit state earlier at smaller displacements, thus giving rise to the increase in the coefficient of active lateral earth pressure. The rate of increase in the coefficient of active earth pressure with anisotropy ratio grows with the increase in the foundation width and load intensity and the decrease in the foundation-wall distance.

在本文中，进行了详细的数值研究，以评估作用在土工合成材料加筋挡土墙上的侧向土压力，该挡土墙具有各向异性粒状回填物，在条形基础荷载作用下。为此，结合稳健的二阶锥规划（SOCP）和有限元离散化方法，在加筋支护结构的稳定性分析中开发并实施了行之有效的极限分析下界理论。对于有限元极限分析，满足与下界公理相关的许多约束条件，包括单元平衡、不连续性平衡、边界条件和屈服准则强制执行。通过采用二阶锥规划（SOCP）优化，非线性莫尔库仑破坏准则使用三个节点辅助变量进行模拟，这些节点辅助变量定义为每个点产生的节点应力的函数。此外，对于SOCP优化问题中的未知应力变量，采用原对偶内点算法求得最优解。因此，土壤固有各向异性对 对侧向土压力的许多参数进行了彻底检查。观察到随着各向异性比的增加（水平摩擦角减小）和加筋层数的减少，土工合成材料加筋挡土结构的主动土压力系数增加。减少保留回填中的加固层数将转化为等效的软化材料；因此，增加主动土压力系数。此外，各向异性比的增加导致回填土的抗剪强度整体下降，导致挡土结构在较小位移下较早达到极限状态，从而引起主动侧向土系数增加。压力。