Abstract:

This article first shows that climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are typical examples of institutional failure, to a greater extent a serious scenario characterized by government failure and market failure at the same time. To better comprehend the global development of multilateral institutions, this article presents Gunnar Myrdal’s insights into the South Asian countries, which he observed several decades ago, as a regional example. In this regard, this article also describes the institutional development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The development of ASEAN (i.e., the emergence of Asian regional planning) has been driven by an implicit process of multilateral interactions and negotiations rather than an orientation of explicit goals. Given the various big crises and unexpected shocks that constantly threaten us all, the article stresses the necessity and urgency of initiating a comprehensive sustainability policy at each individual country level. Only when each country unambiguously chooses its own national agenda on sustainability can the sustainable development goals (SDGs) at the regional or global level be further negotiated and aligned.

摘要：

本文首先表明，气候变化和 COVID-19 大流行是制度失灵的典型例子，更大程度上是政府失灵和市场失灵同时出现的严重情景。为了更好地理解多边机构的全球发展，本文以冈纳·米达尔（Gunnar Myrdal）几十年前观察到的南亚国家的见解作为区域示例。对此，本文还介绍了东南亚国家联盟（ASEAN）的制度发展。东盟的发展（即亚洲区域规划的出现）是由多边互动和谈判的隐性过程而不是明确目标的导向驱动的。鉴于不断威胁着我们所有人的各种重大危机和意外冲击，本文强调了在每个国家层面启动全面可持续发展政策的必要性和紧迫性。只有当每个国家明确选择自己的国家可持续发展议程时，区域或全球层面的可持续发展目标（SDG）才能进一步协商和统一。