Optimization of tunnel hood openings is one of the most important technologies that has been developed to effectively reduce micro-pressure waves (MPWs) on high-speed railway lines. Two types of optimization techniques exist: “pattern optimization,” where the location of open windows is optimized, and “area optimization,” where the area distribution of windows is optimized. This paper presents an evaluation of the zeroth-order area optimization of multiple openings uniformly spaced of tunnel hoods for reducing MPWs. In the zeroth-order area distribution, all openings are assumed to have the same area. Model experiments were conducted using a train launcher facility, and the performances of the two types of optimizations were compared. The objective function to be minimized was the maximum value of the pressure gradient of a tunnel compression wave ${\left(\partial p/\partial t\right)}_{\max }$. The objective function was shown to be unimodal and can be easily optimized because the peak values of the pressure gradient either linearly increase or decrease with the area of the openings, specifically for typical Japanese hoods. This linear relationship between the peak values and area was demonstrated via theoretical and experimental analysis. The minimized values of ${\left(\partial p/\partial t\right)}_{\max }$ for area optimization were almost the same as those for pattern optimization. The advantage of area optimization is that the optimization procedure ensures automated convergence within a small number of iterations based on the linear relationship.

隧道机罩开口优化是为有效减少高速铁路线路上的微压力波（MPW）而开发的最重要技术之一。存在两种类型的优化技术：优化打开窗口位置的“模式优化”和优化窗口区域分布的“区域优化”。本文对隧道罩均匀间隔的多个开口的零阶区域优化进行了评估，以减少 MPW。在零阶面积分布中，假定所有开口具有相同的面积。使用火车发射装置进行模型实验，并比较了两种优化的性能。要最小化的目标函数是隧道压缩波压力梯度的最大值${\left(\partial 磷/\partial 吨\right)}_{\mathrm{最大限度}}$. 目标函数被证明是单峰的，并且可以很容易地优化，因为压力梯度的峰值随开口面积线性增加或减少，特别是对于典型的日本引擎盖。通过理论和实验分析证明了峰值和面积之间的这种线性关系。的最小值${\left(\partial 磷/\partial 吨\right)}_{\mathrm{最大限度}}$用于区域优化的几乎与用于图案优化的相同。区域优化的优点是优化程序可确保在基于线性关系的少量迭代内自动收敛。