Abstract

To explain protest potential, the Structural Cognitive Model (SCM) suggests (i) a multi-level interaction between economic and political contexts (“structure”) and individual-level social psychological factors (“cognitive”) such that (ii) macro-level factors can amplify or dampen individual and group protest potential. This model has few cross-national tests because many of the cognitive concepts it suggests are not available in the major international survey projects. This paper explores the possibilities to test SCM with the European Values Study (33 countries, 2017–2018). I explain protest potential as a result of, at the macro level, economic inequality and the degree to which the Political Opportunity Structure is open or closed. Individual-level factors include economic structural disadvantage and being both politically interested and organizationally embedded. Cognitive factors include external political efficacy and internal social efficacy. I find that external political efficacy is sensitive to the political context and internal social efficacy is not. These results suggest that, to test SCM, the distinction between external political efficacy and internal social efficacy is essential because they have different relationships with the economic and political contexts. Overall, I find that the European Values Study can be used to explore SCM in cross-national perspective.

摘要

为了解释抗议潜力，结构认知模型 (SCM) 建议 (i) 经济和政治背景 (“结构”) 与个人层面的社会心理因素 (“认知”) 之间的多层次相互作用，例如 (ii)水平因素可以放大或抑制个人和团体抗议的潜力。该模型很少有跨国测试，因为它所提出的许多认知概念在主要的国际调查项目中是不可用的。本文探讨了通过欧洲价值观研究（33 个国家，2017-2018 年）测试 SCM 的可能性。我将抗议潜力解释为宏观层面上的经济不平等以及政治机会结构开放或关闭的程度。个人层面的因素包括经济结构劣势以及政治兴趣和组织嵌入。认知因素包括外部政治效能和内部社会效能。我发现外部政治效能对政治背景很敏感，而内部社会效能则不然。这些结果表明，为了测试 SCM，外部政治效能和内部社会效能之间的区别至关重要，因为它们与经济和政治背景有不同的关系。总的来说，我发现欧洲价值观研究可用于从跨国角度探索供应链管理。我发现外部政治效能对政治背景敏感，而内部社会效能则不然。这些结果表明，为了测试 SCM，外部政治效能和内部社会效能之间的区别至关重要，因为它们与经济和政治背景有不同的关系。总的来说，我发现欧洲价值观研究可用于从跨国角度探索供应链管理。我发现外部政治效能对政治背景敏感，而内部社会效能则不然。这些结果表明，为了测试 SCM，外部政治效能和内部社会效能之间的区别至关重要，因为它们与经济和政治背景有不同的关系。总的来说，我发现欧洲价值观研究可用于从跨国角度探索供应链管理。