Since the initial use of vaccination in the eighteenth century, our understanding of human and animal immunology has greatly advanced and a wide range of vaccine technologies and delivery systems have been developed. The COVID-19 pandemic response leveraged these innovations to enable rapid development of candidate vaccines within weeks of the viral genetic sequence being made available. The development of vaccines to tackle emerging infectious diseases is a priority for the World Health Organization and other global entities. More than 70% of emerging infectious diseases are acquired from animals, with some causing illness and death in both humans and the respective animal host. Yet the study of critical host–pathogen interactions and the underlying immune mechanisms to inform the development of vaccines for their control is traditionally done in medical and veterinary immunology ‘silos’. In this Perspective, we highlight a ‘One Health vaccinology’ approach and discuss some key areas of synergy in human and veterinary vaccinology that could be exploited to accelerate the development of effective vaccines against these shared health threats.

自 18 世纪首次使用疫苗以来，我们对人类和动物免疫学的理解有了很大的进步，并开发了广泛的疫苗技术和传递系统。COVID-19 大流行应对措施利用这些创新，在病毒基因序列可用后的数周内快速开发候选疫苗。开发应对新发传染病的疫苗是世界卫生组织和其他全球实体的优先事项。超过 70% 的新发传染病是从动物身上获得的，其中一些会导致人类和相应的动物宿主患病和死亡。然而，传统上在医学和兽医免疫学“筒仓”中对关键宿主 - 病原体相互作用和潜在免疫机制的研究为疫苗的开发提供信息。在这个视角中，我们强调了一种“单一健康疫苗学”方法，并讨论了人类和兽医疫苗学协同作用的一些关键领域，这些领域可用于加速开发针对这些共同健康威胁的有效疫苗。