Typical handheld controllers for interaction in virtual reality (VR) have fixed shapes and sizes, regardless of what visual objects they represent. Resolving this crossmodal incongruence with a shape-changing interface is our long-term goal. In this paper, we seek to find a length perception model that considers the moment of inertia (MOI) and diameter of a handheld object based on the concept of dynamic touch. Such models serve as a basis for computational algorithms for shape changing. We carried out two perceptual experiments. In Experiment 1, we measured the perceived lengths of 24 physical objects with different MOIs and diameters. Then we obtained a length perception model to reproduce the desired perceived length with a handheld controller. In Experiment 2, we validated our model in a crossmodal matching scenario, where a visual rod was matched to a haptic rod in terms of the perceived length. Our results contribute to understanding the relationship between the perceived length and physical properties of a handheld object and designing shape-changing algorithms to render equivalent visual and haptic sensory cues for length perception in VR.

中文翻译：

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手持控制器的长度感知模型：直径和惯性的影响

用于虚拟现实 (VR) 交互的典型手持控制器具有固定的形状和大小，无论它们代表什么视觉对象。解决这种与形状变化界面的交叉模式不一致是我们的长期目标。在本文中，我们试图找到一种基于动态触摸概念的长度感知模型，该模型考虑手持物体的转动惯量 (MOI) 和直径。此类模型用作形状变化计算算法的基础。我们进行了两个感知实验。在实验 1 中，我们测量了 24 个具有不同 MOI 和直径的物理对象的感知长度。然后我们获得了一个长度感知模型，用手持控制器重现所需的感知长度。在实验 2 中，我们在跨模式匹配场景中验证了我们的模型，其中视觉杆在感知长度方面与触觉杆相匹配。我们的研究结果有助于理解手持物体的感知长度和物理特性之间的关系，并设计变形算法以在 VR 中为长度感知渲染等效的视觉和触觉感官线索。