Dirty Sprite, also known as “lean” or “purple drank”, is a preparation associated with the presence of codeine and promethazine. These drinks, predominantly used by young people, are mixtures of, for example, soft drinks, prescription medicines, and prescription cough syrups. The use of these illicit preparations started in Texas in the 1960s and become popularized in the 1990s. However, the misuse of these cocktails has become more common in other countries to date, for example, in Thailand. Given the illicit nature of these preparations and the lack of information available on the composition of these products, there is a need to identify and quantify the drugs that may be present. Three samples of Dirty Sprite were analyzed using GC–MS after liquid/liquid-extraction under acidic and basic conditions. Since the acidic extraction did not show the detection of relevant substances, samples were alkalized to pH ≥ 9, followed by extraction with 1-chlorobutane. GC–MS screening revealed the identification of codeine, dihydrocodeine, promethazine and impurities of cocaine. A selected ion monitoring method was developed for the quantification of these compounds using lemonade as a calibration matrix. Quantitative analysis showed concentrations of 130-mg/L codeine, 75-mg/L promethazine, and 3.4-mg/L cocaine in sample 1; 74-mg/L promethazine and 91-mg/L dihydrocodeine in sample 2; and 130-mg/L codeine combined with 68-mg/L promethazine in sample 3. The results also illustrate that the consumption of drugs detected in Dirty Sprite samples could lead to health risks given that these prescription medicines are consumed outside the medical environment.

中文翻译：

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使用气相色谱和质谱法检测“脏雪碧”中的药物

脏雪碧，也称为“瘦”或“紫饮”，是一种与可待因和异丙嗪存在相关的制剂。这些饮料主要由年轻人使用，是例如软饮料、处方药和处方止咳糖浆的混合物。这些非法制剂的使用于 1960 年代在德克萨斯州开始，并在 1990 年代普及。然而，迄今为止，这些鸡尾酒的滥用在其他国家变得更加普遍，例如在泰国。鉴于这些制剂的非法性质以及缺乏关于这些产品成分的可用信息，有必要识别和量化可能存在的药物。在酸性和碱性条件下进行液/液萃取后，使用 GC-MS 分析了三个 Dirty Sprite 样品。由于酸性萃取未检出相关物质，将样品碱化至pH≥9，然后用1-氯丁烷萃取。GC-MS 筛选揭示了可卡因、二氢可待因、异丙嗪和可卡因杂质的鉴定。开发了一种选择离子监测方法，以使用柠檬水作为校准基质对这些化合物进行定量。定量分析显示样品 1 中可待因浓度为 130-mg/L，异丙嗪浓度为 75-mg/L，可卡因浓度为 3.4-mg/L；样品 2 中含有 74-mg/L 异丙嗪和 91-mg/L 二氢可待因；样本 3 中含有 130-mg/L 的可待因和 68-mg/L 的异丙嗪。结果还表明，由于这些处方药是在医疗环境之外消费的，因此在 Dirty Sprite 样本中检测到的药物的消费可能会导致健康风险。