Major global initiatives such as the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have overlooked the prospects of the river ecosystem in achieving SDGs (e.g., SDGs 6, 14), despite the substantial role of the river in human civilisation, and the contribution of river restoration to ecological improvement. Realising the role of river social-ecological systems in providing ecosystem services (ES) to society, we have made the first step, through a systematic review, to identify progress, gaps and future research directions for river restoration research across the globe. We systematically reviewed articles and summarised the trends of river restoration within the explicit context of ES assessment. The economic and ecological aspects of river restoration were the prime focus of major studies, whereas social benefits have been least addressed. The results identified the research gaps and future opportunities and tried to supplement those gaps by addressing the questions that need to be researched in future studies. The proposed conceptual framework is designed how application of ES perspective help to integrate social benefits in river restoration research. If we are to achieve sustainable management of water, food production and zero hunger goals, overcoming the identified conceptual and methodological gaps and conceptualising the river as a social-ecological system is necessary for future river restoration research.

尽管河流在人类文明中发挥了重要作用，但联合国 (UN) 可持续发展目标 (SDG) 等主要全球倡议忽视了河流生态系统在实现可持续发展目标（例如，可持续发展目标 6、14）方面的前景。河流修复对生态改善的贡献。意识到河流社会生态系统在为社会提供生态系统服务 (ES) 方面的作用，我们迈出了第一步，通过系统审查，确定全球河流恢复研究的进展、差距和未来研究方向。我们系统地回顾了文章并总结了 ES 评估明确背景下河流恢复的趋势。河流修复的经济和生态方面是主要研究的主要焦点，而社会福利则最少被提及。结果确定了研究差距和未来机会，并试图通过解决未来研究中需要研究的问题来弥补这些差距。拟议的概念框架旨在设计 ES 视角的应用如何帮助将社会效益整合到河流恢复研究中。如果我们要实现水、粮食生产和零饥饿目标的可持续管理，克服已确定的概念和方法差距并将河流概念化为社会生态系统对于未来的河流恢复研究是必要的。拟议的概念框架旨在设计 ES 视角的应用如何帮助将社会效益整合到河流恢复研究中。如果我们要实现水、粮食生产和零饥饿目标的可持续管理，克服已确定的概念和方法差距并将河流概念化为社会生态系统对于未来的河流恢复研究是必要的。拟议的概念框架旨在设计 ES 视角的应用如何帮助将社会效益整合到河流恢复研究中。如果我们要实现水、粮食生产和零饥饿目标的可持续管理，克服已确定的概念和方法差距并将河流概念化为社会生态系统对于未来的河流恢复研究是必要的。