The biorefinery concept for production of biofuels and chemicals, based on lignocellulosic biomass, represents an attractive and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based refineries. The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass requires a physical-chemical pretreatment prior to the biocatalytic conversion of monomeric constituents of plant cell walls into bioproducts. However, the pretreatment step often generates fermentation inhibitors, such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, aliphatic acids, and phenolic acids and aldehydes. Thus, a detoxification step prior, or simultaneous to microbial fermentation, is of prime importance to improve product yields. Among detoxification strategies, biological detoxification, also known as bioabatement, arises as an eco-friendlier, milder, and cheaper alternative to physical-chemical detoxification methods. In the present review, the state-of-the-art and recent advances in the field of microbial detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates are thoroughly presented. After introducing the general aspects of the theme, including the generation of inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and cell physiology, in-depth analyses of biological detoxification strategies reported in the literature are presented for the following microbial groups: filamentous fungi, non-Saccharomyces yeasts, bacteria, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of microbial detoxification are discussed, and the main challenges currently faced by researchers in the field are addressed.

基于木质纤维素生物质生产生物燃料和化学品的生物炼油厂概念代表了一种有吸引力且可持续的替代化石燃料炼油厂的方案。木质纤维素生物质固有的顽固性需要在植物细胞壁的单体成分生物催化转化为生物产品之前进行物理化学预处理。然而，预处理步骤通常会产生发酵抑制剂，如糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛、脂肪酸、酚酸和醛。因此，在微生物发酵之前或同时进行解毒步骤对于提高产品产量至关重要。在解毒策略中，生物解毒，也称为生物减排，是一种更环保、更温和、和更便宜的物理化学解毒方法替代品。在本综述中，全面介绍了木质纤维素水解物微生物解毒领域的最新进展。在介绍了该主题的一般方面，包括木质纤维素生物质预处理中抑制性化合物的产生及其对酶水解和细胞生理学的影响之后，对文献中报道的以下微生物群的生物解毒策略进行了深入分析：真菌，非酿酒酵母菌，细菌和酵母。此外，讨论了微生物解毒的优缺点，并解决了该领域研究人员目前面临的主要挑战。