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Shade trees and agrochemical use affect butterfly assemblages in coffee home gardens
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107547
Marco Campera , Michela Balestri , Sophie Manson , Katherine Hedger , Nabil Ahmad , Esther Adinda , Vincent Nijman , Budiadi Budiadi , Muhammad Ali Imron , K.A.I. Nekaris

Agroforestry systems have been recognised as a possible refuge for biodiversity especially when bordering intact landscapes. The intensification of crop management to increase yields is usually associated with a reduction of shade trees and heavy use of chemicals, typically correlated with a decrease in biodiversity. The relationship between intensity of crop management and biodiversity, however, is not clear-cut and is dependent on environmental and geographical differences. We assessed the influence of different shade cover, shade tree richness, richness of other crops, distance from the forest, and use of chemicals on the diversity, richness and abundance of butterflies, a bioindicator in coffee home gardens. We collected data in 42 coffee home gardens in West Java, Indonesia, via Pollard transects, totalling 15.1 km (July-August 2019 and July-August 2020). We found 54 species of butterflies in the gardens. Via Generalised Additive Mixed Models, we found that the use of chemicals negatively influenced the abundance (p = 0.001) and richness (p = 0.039) of butterflies, while shade tree richness positively influenced the abundance (p < 0.001), diversity (p = 0.046) and richness (p < 0.001) of butterflies. The other predictors did not have a significant effect. The high diversity of butterflies in the study area suggests that the agroforestry environment is now resilient, but the relationship between butterfly abundance, diversity, and richness with shade tree richness indicates an urgency to maintain and improve current ecosystem complexity. The negative relationship between butterfly abundance and richness and the use of chemicals further indicates that organic farming should be promoted to preserve ecosystem services provided by pollinators. Coffee production in Indonesia has dramatically increased in the last 10 years and producers are keener to use more intensive farming techniques with a consequent reduction of ecosystem complexity. This process can break the resilience of agroforestry habitats if actions are not taken immediately.



中文翻译:

遮荫树和农用化学品的使用影响咖啡家庭花园中的蝴蝶组合

农林业系统已被认为是生物多样性的可能避难所,尤其是在与完整景观接壤时。为提高产量而加强作物管理通常与减少遮荫树和大量使用化学品有关,这通常与生物多样性的减少有关。然而,作物管理强度与生物多样性之间的关系并不明确,取决于环境和地理差异。我们评估了不同的遮荫覆盖、遮荫树的丰富度、其他作物的丰富度、与森林的距离以及化学物质的使用对蝴蝶的多样性、丰富度和丰度的影响,蝴蝶是咖啡家庭花园中的生物指标。我们通过 Pollard 横断面在印度尼西亚西爪哇的 42 个咖啡家庭花园中收集了数据,共计 15 个。1 公里(2019 年 7 月至 8 月和 2020 年 7 月至 8 月)。我们在花园里发现了 54 种蝴蝶。通过广义加法混合模型,我们发现化学品的使用对蝴蝶的丰度(p = 0.001)和丰富度(p = 0.039)产生负面影响,而遮荫树的丰富度对丰度(p < 0.001)、多样性(p = 0.046) 和丰富度 (p < 0.001) 的蝴蝶。其他预测因素没有显着影响。研究区蝴蝶的高度多样性表明,农林业环境现在具有弹性,但蝴蝶丰度、多样性和丰度与遮荫树丰度之间的关系表明维持和改善当前生态系统复杂性的紧迫性。蝴蝶丰度和丰富度与化学品使用之间的负面关系进一步表明,应促进有机农业以保护传粉媒介提供的生态系统服务。印度尼西亚的咖啡产量在过去 10 年急剧增加,生产者更热衷于使用更集约化的耕作技术,从而降低生态系统的复杂性。如果不立即采取行动,这一过程可能会破坏农林业栖息地的恢复能力。

更新日期:2021-06-18
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