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Field boundary features can stabilise bee populations and the pollination of mass-flowering crops in rotational systems
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13948
Emma Gardner 1, 2 , Tom D. Breeze 2 , Yann Clough 3 , Henrik G. Smith 3 , Katherine C. R. Baldock 4, 5, 6 , Alistair Campbell 7 , Michael P. D. Garratt 2 , Mark A. K. Gillespie 8, 9 , William E. Kunin 8 , Megan McKerchar 10 , Simon G. Potts 2 , Deepa Senapathi 2 , Graham N. Stone 11 , Felix Wäckers 12 , Duncan B. Westbury 10 , Andrew Wilby 12 , Tom H. Oliver 1
Affiliation  

  1. Pollinators experience large spatiotemporal fluctuations in resource availability when mass-flowering crops are rotated with resource-poor cereal crops. Yet, few studies have considered the effect this has on pollinator population stability, nor how this might be mitigated to maintain consistent crop pollination services.
  2. We assess the potential of boundary features (standard narrow 1 m grassy margins, hedgerows and wide 4 m agri-environment margins) to support and stabilise pollinator populations and pollination service in agricultural landscapes under crop rotation. Assuming a 6-year rotation, we use a process-based pollinator model to predict yearly pollinator population size and in-crop visitation rates to oilseed rape and field bean across 117 study landscapes in England with varying amounts of boundary features. We model both ground-nesting bumblebees and solitary bees and compare the predictions including and excluding boundary features from the landscapes.
  3. Ground-nesting bumblebee populations, whose longer-lifetime colonies benefit from continuity of resources, were larger and more stable (relative to the no-features scenario) in landscapes with more boundary features. Ground-nesting solitary bee populations were also larger but not significantly more stable, except with the introduction of wide permanent agri-environment margins, due to their shorter lifetimes and shorter foraging/dispersal ranges.
  4. Crop visitation by ground-nesting bumblebees was greater and more stable in landscapes with more boundary features, partly due to increased colony growth prior to crop flowering. Time averaged crop visitation by ground-nesting solitary bees was slightly lower, due to females dividing their foraging time between boundary features and the crop. However, despite this, the minimum pollination service delivered was higher, due to the more stable delivery.
  5. Synthesis and applications. Field boundary features have an important role in stabilising pollinator populations and pollination service in rotational systems, although maintenance of larger semi-natural habitat patches may be more effective for stabilising less mobile solitary bee populations. We recommend using combinations of boundary features, accounting for pollinator range when spacing features/rotating crops, and synchronising boundary feature management with crop rotation to maximise their stabilising benefits.


中文翻译:

田间边界特征可以稳定蜜蜂种群和轮作系统中大量开花作物的授粉

  1. 当大量开花作物与资源贫乏的谷类作物轮作时,授粉媒介会经历资源可用性的巨大时空波动。然而,很少有研究考虑这对传粉媒介种群稳定性的影响,也没有考虑如何减轻这种影响以保持一致的作物授粉服务。
  2. 我们评估了边界特征(标准的 1 m 窄草地边缘、树篱和 4 m 宽农业环境边缘)在轮作下支持和稳定农业景观中传粉媒介种群和传粉服务的潜力。假设 6 年轮换,我们使用基于过程的传粉媒介模型来预测每年传粉媒介的种群规模和对油菜和油菜豆的作物访问率,跨越英格兰的 117 个研究景观,具有不同数量的边界特征。我们对地面筑巢的大黄蜂和孤独的蜜蜂进行建模,并比较包括和不包括景观边界特征的预测。
  3. 在具有更多边界特征的景观中,地面筑巢大黄蜂种群的寿命更长,种群受益于资源的连续性,它们更大、更稳定(相对于无特征场景)。地面筑巢的孤蜂种群也更大,但并没有明显更稳定,除非引入了广泛的永久性农业环境边缘,因为它们的寿命较短,觅食/传播范围较短。
  4. 在具有更多边界特征的景观中,地面筑巢大黄蜂的作物访问量更大、更稳定,部分原因是作物开花前菌落生长增加。由于雌性将觅食时间在边界特征和作物之间分配,地面筑巢的独居蜜蜂的平均作物访问时间略低。然而,尽管如此,由于更稳定的交付,交付的最低授粉服务更高。
  5. 合成与应用。田间边界特征在稳定轮作系统中的传粉媒介种群和传粉服务方面具有重要作用,尽管维护较大的半自然栖息地斑块可能更有效地稳定移动性较差的孤蜂种群。我们建议使用边界特征的组合,在间隔特征/轮作作物时考虑传粉媒介的范围,并将边界特征管理与作物轮作同步,以最大限度地发挥稳定效益。
更新日期:2021-06-17
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