The working world is undergoing profound changes, and occupational accidents are always a global concern due to substantial impacts on productivity collapse and workers’ safety. To address this problem, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been widely implemented to assess such risks. This, however, fails to provide reliable results because of some shortcomings of the risk priority number score of the FMEA including neglecting the weight of risk factors, having doubtful formulation, and performing poorly in distinguishing risks. This study presents a two-phase approach to identify and prioritize Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) risks to focus on critical risks instead of diverting organizational efforts to non-critical ones and overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional score. In the first phase, potential risks are identified, and after determining the value of risk factors using the FMEA technique, Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is applied to cluster these risks. Then, the weight of risk factors is calculated based on the Fuzzy Best–Worst Method (FBWM), and following this, clusters are labeled based on weighted Euclidean distance. In the second phase, a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method is proposed based on the FBWM and combined compromise solution to prioritize risks belonging to the critical cluster. This is to create a distinct priority for risks and facilitate the implementation of corrective/preventive actions. This approach is applied in the automotive industry, and results are compared with other FMEA-based MCDM methods to validate findings. Eventually, a sensitivity analysis is designed to show the ability and applicability of the proposed approach.

工作世界正在发生深刻变化，由于对生产力崩溃和工人安全的重大影响，职业事故一直是全球关注的问题。为了解决这个问题，故障模式和影响分析 (FMEA) 已被广泛实施以评估此类风险。然而，由于FMEA的风险优先级分数存在一些缺陷，包括忽视风险因素的权重、表述方式存在疑问、区分风险表现不佳等，这并不能提供可靠的结果。本研究提出了一种分两阶段的方法来识别和优先考虑健康、安全和环境 (HSE) 风险，以关注关键风险，而不是将组织工作转移到非关键风险并克服传统评分的缺点。在第一阶段，识别潜在风险，并在使用 FMEA 技术确定风险因素的值后，应用模糊 C 均值 (FCM) 算法对这些风险进行聚类。然后，基于模糊最佳-最差方法（FBWM）计算风险因素的权重，然后根据加权欧几里德距离标记聚类。在第二阶段，提出了一种基于 FBWM 和组合折衷解决方案的混合多标准决策（MCDM）方法，以优先考虑属于关键集群的风险。这是为了为风险创建一个明确的优先级并促进纠正/预防措施的实施。该方法应用于汽车行业，并将结果与​​其他基于 FMEA 的 MCDM 方法进行比较以验证结果。最终，