Accumulation of liquids near the wellbore in gas reservoirs can result in what is known as liquid banking, causing loss of gas and liquid production. One of the techniques that can be used to mitigate liquid banking is changing the rock wettability from liquid wetting to neutral wetting, allowing the gas to carry the liquid out of the pore space. Double-functionalized wettability altering silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed. The synthesized NPs were functionalized with both fluoro-silane (F-SiO₂ NPs) and a charged functional group to enable coupling of the NPs to the substrate. Surfaces treated with F-SiO₂ NPs functionalized with coupling functional group showed superior wear and corrosion resistance in high salinity water compared to single-functionalized F-SiO₂ NPs. By functionalizing 125 nm SiO₂ NPs first with polyethylenimine (PEI-) or N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO-) l group followed by fluorination, a water contact angle of 120°and decane contact angle of 70° was achieved. Core flow testing performed under realistic reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature showed that F-SiO₂ NPs coated with PEI achieved a 58% improvement in gas and liquid relative permeability, indicating improvement in the surface repellency to liquids and reduction of the trapped liquid phases inside the pore space of the rocks. The developed double-functionalized NPs achieved similar performance to the commercially used fluorinated surfactants but using less treatment volume. In addition, these double-functionalized NPs enable one-step treatment in the field, which results in simpler operations, shorter treatment time, and better treatment economics.

中文翻译：

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使用功能化纳米粒子改变润湿性，并在岩石表面进行定制粘附，以缓解凝析油堆积

气藏中井筒附近的液体积累会导致所谓的液体堆积，从而导致气体和液体产量的损失。可用于减轻液体堆积的技术之一是将岩石润湿性从液体润湿变为中性润湿，从而允许气体将液体带出孔隙空间。开发了双功能化的润湿性改变二氧化硅 (SiO ₂ ) 纳米粒子 (NPs)。合成的 NPs 用氟硅烷 (F-SiO ₂ NPs) 和带电官能团进行功能​​化，以使 NPs 能够耦合到基板上。用 F-SiO _{2处理的表面与单功能化的 F-SiO 2} NPs相比，偶联官能团功能化的 NPs 在高盐度水中表现出优异的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。通过首先用聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI-) 或 N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷 (DAMO-) l 基团对125 nm SiO ₂ NPs 进行功能化，然后进行氟化，得到 120° 的水接触角和 70° 的癸烷接触角已实现。在实际的储层压力和温度条件下进行的岩心流动测试表明，F-SiO ₂涂有 PEI 的 NP 使气体和液体的相对渗透率提高了 58%，这表明表面对液体的排斥性有所提高，并且岩石孔隙空间内截留的液相减少了。开发的双功能化纳米颗粒实现了与商业使用的氟化表面活性剂相似的性能，但使用的处理量更少。此外，这些双功能化的纳米粒子可以在现场进行一步处理，从而使操作更简单、处理时间更短、处理经济性更好。