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The place beyond the trees: renewed excavations of the Middle Stone Age deposits at Olieboomspoort in the Waterberg Mountains of the South African Savanna Biome
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s12520-021-01302-7
A. Val , P. de la Peña , M. Duval , S. Bansal , F. Colino , J. Culey , T. Hodgskiss , P. Morrissey , A. Murray , M. Murungi , F.H. Neumann , K. Shadrach , K.J. Thomsen , M. van der Ryst , D.M. Witelson , J.X. Zhao , D. Stratford

Olieboomspoort is one of the few rock shelters in the vast interior of southern Africa documenting pulses of occupation from the Acheulean until the end of the Later Stone Age. Revil Mason excavated the site in 1954 and attributed the large Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithic assemblage to his middle phase of the so-called Pietersburg Industry. Recent work at the site has focused on the Holocene layers, but little is known about the earlier phases of shelter use. Here, we provide some background to the shelter, give a history of past research and present initial results following renewed fieldwork at the site. The MSA deposits contain abundant lithic artefacts and ochre, and we present an initial description of these cultural remains. Palynological analysis reveals limited potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, but some faunal remains indicate open grasslands. We dated two equid teeth that provided highly consistent combined U-series-ESR estimates, resulting in a mean age of 150 ± 14 ka (1σ). Even when considering potential sources of uncertainty such as variations in water-intake, these fossils can securely be dated to Marine Isotopic Stage 6. Our reappraisal of site formation processes highlights the fact that the archaeological assemblage is strongly time-averaged. We discuss these different results in the context of a recently rekindled interest in the so-called Pietersburg Industry.



中文翻译:

树木之外的地方:在南非热带草原生物群落的沃特伯格山脉的 Olieboomspoort 重新挖掘中石器时代沉积物

Olieboomspoort 是南部非洲广阔内陆为数不多的岩石避难所之一,记录了从 Acheulean 到晚石器时代结束的占领脉冲。Revil Mason 于 1954 年挖掘了该遗址,并将大型中石器时代 (MSA) 石器组合归因于他所谓的彼得堡工业的中期阶段。该地点最近的工作集中在全新世层,但对庇护所使用的早期阶段知之甚少。在这里,我们提供了庇护所的一些背景,介绍了过去的研究历史,并在现场重新进行实地调查后展示了初步结果。MSA 矿床包含丰富的石器制品和赭石,我们对这些文化遗迹进行了初步描述。孢粉学分析揭示了古环境重建的潜力有限,但一些动物遗迹表明开阔的草原。我们对两颗马齿进行了约会,这些牙齿提供了高度一致的组合 U 系列-ESR 估计,导致平均年龄为 150 ± 14 ka (1σ)。即使考虑到潜在的不确定性来源,例如吸水量的变化,这些化石也可以安全地追溯到海洋同位素第 6 阶段。我们对遗址形成过程的重新评估突出了这样一个事实,即考古组合具有很强的时间平均性。我们在最近重新点燃了对所谓的彼得堡工业的兴趣的背景下讨论了这些不同的结果。这些化石可以安全地追溯到海洋同位素第 6 阶段。我们对遗址形成过程的重新评估突出了这样一个事实,即考古组合具有很强的时间平均性。我们在最近重新点燃了对所谓的彼得堡工业的兴趣的背景下讨论了这些不同的结果。这些化石可以安全地追溯到海洋同位素第 6 阶段。我们对遗址形成过程的重新评估突出了这样一个事实,即考古组合具有很强的时间平均性。我们在最近重新点燃了对所谓的彼得堡工业的兴趣的背景下讨论了这些不同的结果。

更新日期:2021-06-17
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