Purpose

The present research was taken to study the hospital-based incidence and clinico-pathological changes associated with naturally occurring trypanosomosis in dogs of Mizoram.

Methods

A 5-year prospective study on hospital-based incidence and clinico-pathological changes associated with naturally occurring trypanosomosis in dogs of Mizoram was carried out during the study period from April, 2015 to March, 2020. Trypanosoma evansi infection was confirmed by microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Non-infected clinically healthy dogs (n = 6) served as control. Blood samples were collected to study the haemogram and serum samples were used for the evaluation of serum biochemical parameters and oxidant-antioxidant parameters.

Results

During the study period, an overall incidence of 0.25% was recorded for trypanosomosis in dogs. The most consistent clinical findings noticed were anorexia/inappetence, pyrexia, depression/lethargy, pale mucous membrane, dehydration and lymphadenomegaly. Anaemia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia were the major findings noticed in trypanosomosis affected dogs. The profile of vital organ function revealed that the mean values of total protein, albumin and random blood glucose were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, whereas the mean values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs affected with trypanosomosis. The mean value of lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, whereas the mean values of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant activity (TAOA) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in trypanosomosis affected dogs. When total erythrocyte count (TEC) was correlated with LPO (r = − 0.631, P < 0.05), a negative correlation was found, while in case of GSH (r = 0.757, P < 0.05), SOD (r = 0.767, P < 0.05) and TAOA (r = 0.713, P < 0.05), it was positively correlated.

Conclusion

A negative correlation of TEC count with LPO, while a positive correlation with GSH, SOD and TAOA signify the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of anaemia induced by T. evansi infection in dogs. The present study findings might be helpful to clinicians when treating clinical cases of this kind. Incorporation of organ protective drugs and antioxidants in the treatment schedule may result in better prognosis.

中文翻译：

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印度米佐拉姆邦犬自然发生锥虫病的发病率和临床病理变化的 5 年前瞻性研究

目的

本研究旨在研究与米佐拉姆犬自然发生的锥虫病相关的医院发病率和临床病理学变化。

方法

在 2015 年 4 月至 2020 年 3 月的研究期间，对 Mizoram 犬自然发生的锥虫病相关的医院发病率和临床病理变化进行了为期 5 年的前瞻性研究。通过显微镜检查证实伊氏锥虫感染和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）。未感染的临床健康犬 ( n  = 6) 作为对照。采集血样进行血象研究，血清样本用于评价血清生化参数和抗氧化参数。

结果

在研究期间，犬锥虫病的总发病率为 0.25%。最一致的临床发现是厌食/食欲不振、发热、抑郁/嗜睡、粘膜苍白、脱水和淋巴结肿大。贫血、粒细胞减少症、淋巴细胞增多症和血小板减少症是受锥虫病影响的狗的主要发现。重要器官功能图显示，总蛋白、白蛋白和随机血糖的平均值显着降低（P  < 0.05），而丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的平均值显着降低（P < 0.05）。 ）、总胆红素、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐均显着（P < 0.05) 在患有锥虫病的狗中更高。锥虫病脂质过氧化氢（LPO）平均值显着升高（P  < 0.05），而谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和总抗氧化活性（TAOA）平均值显着降低（P  < 0.05）受影响的狗。当总红细胞计数（TEC）与LPO（r  = - 0.631，P  <0.05）相关时，发现负相关，而在GSH（r  = 0.757，P  <0.05）的情况下，SOD（r  = 0.767，P  < 0.05) 和 TAOA ( r  = 0.713, P  < 0.05) 呈正相关。

结论

TEC计数与LPO呈负相关，而与GSH、SOD和TAOA呈正相关，表明氧化应激在犬埃文西感染犬贫血发病机制中的作用。本研究结果可能对临床医生治疗此类临床病例有所帮助。在治疗计划中加入器官保护药物和抗氧化剂可能会导致更好的预后。