当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Exp. Child Psychol. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Toddlers' expectations of corporal third-party punishments against the non-defender puppet
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology ( IF 2.547 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105199
Alessandra Geraci 1
Affiliation  

Recent research has demonstrated that toddlers expect individuals to approach and reward those who defend a victim from an aggressor rather than those who refuse to do so. This work focused on toddlers’ expectations of corporal third-party punishments trought various actions, such as hitting with a stick or repelling someone who refused to defend a social partner following aggression. Using a violation of expectation paradigm (VoE), three experiments were carried out to investigate whether 21-month-olds expect others to apply different kinds of corporal punishments against the non-defender puppet (expected event) rather than the defender puppet (unexpected event), showing a bystander hitting with a stick (Experiment 1) or pushing strongly (Experiment 3) each of the two puppets. In both experiments, toddlers showed to be surprised whent the saw the bystander punish by hitting or pushing the defender puppet rather the non-defender puppet. In a control experiment displaying a non-social condition (Experiment 2), in which the victim puppets were replaced by two inert boxes, toddlers showed no expectation. These results uncovered that toddlers expect others to engage in different corporal punishments toward those who refuse to defend a social partner from an aggressor, by revealing that these expectations are not specific to a single type of punishment. The findings raise questions about the development of corporal third-party punishments, and have implications for the theory on ontogenetic processes underlying sociomoral development.



中文翻译:

幼儿对非辩护人傀儡的第三方体罚的期望

最近的研究表明,蹒跚学步的孩子希望人们接近并奖励那些保护受害者免受攻击者侵害的人,而不是那些拒绝这样做的人。这项工作侧重于幼儿对第三方体罚的期望,通过各种行动,例如用棍子打或击退在攻击后拒绝保护社会伙伴的人。使用违反期望范式(VoE),进行了三个实验来调查 21 个月大的孩子是否期望其他人对非防御者傀儡(预期事件)而不是防御者傀儡(意外事件)应用不同种类的体罚。 ),显示旁观者用棍子击打(实验 1)或大力推动(实验 3)两个木偶中的每一个。在这两个实验中,当看到旁观者通过击打或推动防守人偶而不是非防守人偶来惩罚时,幼儿表现出惊讶。在展示非社会条件的对照实验(实验 2)中,受害者木偶被两个惰性盒子取代,幼儿表现出没有期望。这些结果揭示了幼儿期望其他人对那些拒绝保护社会伙伴免受攻击者侵害的人进行不同的体罚,因为这些期望并不特定于单一类型的惩罚。这些发现对第三方体罚的发展提出了质疑,并对社会道德发展背后的个体发生过程的理论产生了影响。在展示非社会条件的对照实验(实验 2)中,受害者木偶被两个惰性盒子取代,幼儿表现出没有期望。这些结果揭示了幼儿期望其他人对那些拒绝保护社会伙伴免受攻击者侵害的人进行不同的体罚,因为这些期望并不特定于单一类型的惩罚。这些发现对第三方体罚的发展提出了质疑,并对社会道德发展背后的个体发生过程的理论产生了影响。在展示非社会条件的对照实验(实验 2)中,受害者木偶被两个惰性盒子取代,幼儿表现出没有期望。这些结果揭示了幼儿期望其他人对那些拒绝保护社会伙伴免受攻击者侵害的人进行不同的体罚,因为这些期望并不特定于单一类型的惩罚。这些发现对第三方体罚的发展提出了质疑,并对社会道德发展背后的个体发生过程的理论产生了影响。这些结果揭示了幼儿期望其他人对那些拒绝保护社会伙伴免受攻击者侵害的人进行不同的体罚,因为这些期望并不特定于单一类型的惩罚。这些发现对第三方体罚的发展提出了质疑,并对社会道德发展背后的个体发生过程的理论产生了影响。这些结果揭示了幼儿期望其他人对那些拒绝保护社会伙伴免受攻击者侵害的人进行不同的体罚,因为这些期望并不特定于单一类型的惩罚。这些发现对第三方体罚的发展提出了质疑,并对社会道德发展背后的个体发生过程的理论产生了影响。

更新日期:2021-06-17
down
wechat
bug