1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) are used to survey biodiversity non-invasively to mitigate difficulties in obtaining wildlife samples, particularly in remote areas or for rare species. Recently, eDNA/iDNA were used to monitor known wildlife pathogens; however, most wildlife pathogens are unknown and often evolutionarily divergent.
2. To detect and identify known and novel mammalian viruses from eDNA/iDNA, we used a curated set of RNA oligonucleotides as viral baits in a hybridization capture system coupled with high-throughput sequencing.
3. We detected multiple known and novel mammalian RNA and DNA viruses from multiple viral families from both waterhole eDNA and leech-derived iDNA. Congruence was found between detected hosts and viruses identified in leeches and waterholes.
4. Our results demonstrate that eDNA/iDNA samples represent an effective non-invasive resource for studying wildlife viral diversity and for detecting novel potentially zoonotic viruses prior to their emergence.

中文翻译：

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使用环境 DNA 对哺乳动物病毒进行非侵入性调查

1. 环境 DNA (eDNA) 和无脊椎动物来源的 DNA (iDNA) 用于非侵入性地调查生物多样性，以减轻获取野生动物样本的困难，特别是在偏远地区或稀有物种。最近，eDNA/iDNA 被用于监测已知的野生动物病原体；然而，大多数野生动物病原体是未知的，而且往往在进化上存在差异。
2. 为了从 eDNA/iDNA 中检测和识别已知和新型哺乳动物病毒，我们在杂交捕获系统中使用了一组精选的 RNA 寡核苷酸作为病毒诱饵，并结合高通量测序。
3. 我们从水坑 eDNA 和水蛭衍生的 iDNA 中检测到来自多个病毒家族的多种已知和新型哺乳动物 RNA 和 DNA 病毒。在检测到的宿主与在水蛭和水坑中发现的病毒之间发现了一致性。
4. 我们的结果表明，eDNA/iDNA 样本代表了一种有效的非侵入性资源，可用于研究野生动物病毒多样性和在出现之前检测新的潜在人畜共患病毒。