Abstract—

Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) are compared. HRSGs of gas turbines are designed for deep cooling of the exhaust gases while maximizing generation of steam at conditions corresponding to the working process of the steam turbine. To achieve this goal, the elements of the HRSG heating surface of the waste heat boiler are arranged so that the heated fluid (steam or water) is in the counterflow with exhaust gases from the gas turbine and heat transfer occurs in them at minimum temperature differences. Heat-exchange elements can be installed in both vertical and horizontal gas ducts. Accordingly, they are made from coils with horizontal pipes and inlet and outlet headers or from panels with vertical tubes, each with lower and upper headers. Panels in an element are connected with cross-over pipes to arrange a counterflow of the heated fluid (water or steam) and the gas turbine exhaust gases. This means that each bend of the coil of a vertical boiler is replaced with two headers connected with cross-over pipes in a horizontal boiler. The vertical arrangement of heat-transfer tubes in a horizontal gas requires the tubes of each panel to be properly drained using a branched drain system with shut-off valves and drain expansion tanks installed below the grade (el. 0). Heat-exchange elements made of horizontal tubes in the form of coils and located in a vertical gas duct are drained only through two headers, and the drainage expansion tank is installed at the grade (el. 0). The evaporating elements of a vertical HRSG are units with a parallel-flow pattern offering a uniform distribution of the steam generated in the evaporating coils, while the evaporative elements of a horizontal HRSG are cross-flow units featuring nonuniform distribution of the steam generated in the evaporating panels. An additional advantage of the vertical HRSG is provided by the stack effect increasing the power of the gas turbine. Despite the obvious heat-engineering advantages of vertical HRSGs, horizontal HRSGs are predominantly being built in Russia, although the global competition is observed between vertical and horizontal HRSGs, in which the customer’s opinion is decisive.

中文翻译：

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二元联合循环机组余热蒸汽发生器

摘要-

比较了热回收蒸汽发生器 (HRSG)。燃气轮机的 HRSG 设计用于深度冷却废气，同时在对应于蒸汽轮机工作过程的条件下最大限度地产生蒸汽。为了实现这一目标，废热锅炉的 HRSG 加热表面的元件被布置成使受热流体（蒸汽或水）与来自燃气轮机的废气处于逆流中，并且在它们中以最小的温差进行热传递. 热交换元件可以安装在垂直和水平的气体管道中。因此，它们由带有水平管和入口和出口集管的盘管或带有垂直管的面板制成，每个板都有上下集管。元件中的面板与跨接管连接，以布置加热流体（水或蒸汽）和燃气轮机废气的逆流。这意味着立式锅炉盘管的每个弯头都替换为两个与卧式锅炉中的跨接管相连的集管。水平气体中传热管的垂直布置要求每个面板的管子使用分支排水系统正确排水，该系统带有截止阀和安装在等级以下的排水膨胀罐 (el. 0)。由盘管形式的水平管制成并位于垂直气体管道中的热交换元件仅通过两个集管进行排放，并且排放膨胀罐安装在等级 (el. 0) 处。立式 HRSG 的蒸发元件是具有平行流动模式的单元，可在蒸发盘管中产生均匀分布的蒸汽，而水平 HRSG 的蒸发元件是错流单元，其特点是在蒸发盘管中产生的蒸汽分布不均匀。蒸发板。立式 HRSG 的另一个优势是通过增加燃气轮机功率的烟囱效应提供的。尽管立式 HRSG 具有明显的热工程优势，但卧式 HRSG 主要在俄罗斯建造，尽管在垂直和卧式 HRSG 之间存在全球竞争，其中客户的意见是决定性的。而卧式 HRSG 的蒸发元件是错流装置，其特点是蒸发面板中产生的蒸汽分布不均匀。立式 HRSG 的另一个优势是通过增加燃气轮机功率的烟囱效应提供的。尽管立式 HRSG 具有明显的热工程优势，但卧式 HRSG 主要在俄罗斯建造，尽管在垂直和卧式 HRSG 之间存在全球竞争，其中客户的意见是决定性的。而卧式 HRSG 的蒸发元件是错流装置，其特点是蒸发面板中产生的蒸汽分布不均匀。立式 HRSG 的另一个优势是通过增加燃气轮机功率的烟囱效应提供的。尽管立式 HRSG 具有明显的热工程优势，但卧式 HRSG 主要在俄罗斯建造，尽管在垂直和卧式 HRSG 之间存在全球竞争，其中客户的意见是决定性的。