Polyploid Prunus spinosa (2n = 4 ×) and P. domestica subsp. insititia (2n = 6 ×) represent enormous genetic potential in Central Europe, which can be exploited in breeding programs. In Hungary, 16 cultivar candidates and a recognized cultivar ‘Zempléni’ were selected from wild-growing populations including ten P. spinosa, four P. domestica subsp. insititia and three P. spinosa × P. domestica hybrids (2n = 5 ×) were also created. Genotyping in eleven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and the multiallelic S-locus was used to characterize genetic variability and achieve a reliable identification of tested accessions. Nine SSR loci proved to be polymorphic and eight of those were highly informative (PIC values ˃ 0.7). A total of 129 SSR alleles were identified, which means 14.3 average allele number per locus and all accessions but two clones could be discriminated based on unique SSR fingerprints. A total of 23 S-RNase alleles were identified and the complete and partial S-genotype was determined for 10 and 7 accessions, respectively. The DNA sequence was determined for a total of 17 fragments representing 11 S-RNase alleles. ‘Zempléni’ was confirmed to be self-compatible carrying at least one non-functional S-RNase allele (S_J). Our results indicate that the S-allele pools of wild-growing P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia are overlapping in Hungary. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses confirmed the high level of diversity and genetic differentiation present within the analysed accessions and indicated putative ancestor–descendant relationships. Our data confirm that S-locus genotyping is suitable for diversity studies in polyploid Prunus species but non-related accessions sharing common S-alleles may distort phylogenetic inferences.

多倍体刺李(2 n  = 4 ×) 和P. domestica subsp. insititia (2 n  = 6 ×) 代表了中欧的巨大遗传潜力，可以在育种计划中加以利用。在匈牙利，16 个候选品种和一个公认的品种“Zempléni”是从野生种群中选出的，其中包括 10 个P. spinosa和 4 个P. domestica subsp。insititia和三个P. spinosa  ×  P. domestica杂种（2 n  = 5 ×）也被创建。十一个简单序列重复 (SSR) 基因座和多等位基因S的基因分型-locus 用于表征遗传变异性并实现对测试种质的可靠鉴定。九个 SSR 基因座被证明是多态的，其中八个是高度信息化的（PIC 值˃ 0.7）。共鉴定了 129 个 SSR 等位基因，这意味着每个基因座的平均等位基因数为 14.3，并且可以根据唯一的 SSR 指纹区分除两个克隆之外的所有种质。共鉴定了 23个 S-RNase等位基因，分别确定了 10 个和 7 个种质的完整和部分S基因型。确定了代表 11 个S-RNase等位基因的总共 17 个片段的 DNA 序列。'Zempléni' 被证实是自我相容的，携带至少一个非功能性S-RNase等位基因（SJ ₎。我们的结果表明，野生生长的P. spinosa和P. domestica subsp.的S等位基因库。insititia在匈牙利是重叠的。系统发育和主成分分析证实了分析的种质中存在高水平的多样性和遗传分化，并表明了假定的祖先 - 后代关系。我们的数据证实S位点基因分型适用于多倍体李属物种的多样性研究，但共享共同S等位基因的非相关种质可能会扭曲系统发育推断。