Species of the genus are among the most notorious cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes worldwide, with ability present adverse effects on many aquatic organisms. In the surface sediments, can be ingested by benthic macroinvertebrates such as . However, the potential negative effects of on life history traits remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different diets on specific behaviors (burrowing activity, locomotion ability) and life history traits of (Diptera, Chironomidae). We also studied the interactive effects of microcystin-producing and temperature (15, 20, and 25 °C) stress on chironomid larvae. The results showed that the inhibitory effect on the cumulative emergence and burrowing activity of larvae was more severe when they were fed among the three diets groups. Locomotion ability (i.e., locomotor distance and velocity) and adult dry weight decreased significantly in the group fed . Locomotion was significantly inhibited and mortality increased when the larvae were fed a mixture of and , which may have been the result of additive or synergistic effect of the toxins. Under the stress of lower temperature, larvae exhibited weaker locomotion and growth ability, and the emerging adults were mostly male. At both the lower and higher temperature conditions, cause cumulative emergence decreased, and sex ratio imbalance, which inhibited the reproduction of larvae from the population perspective. The fourth-instar larvae showed better adaption to than did the other instars. This study thus highlights the adverse effects of microcystin-producing on . It also provides a novel perspective on how environmental factors may influence the behavior and life history traits of chironomid larvae, and how they may respond to cyanobacterial blooms and global warming.

中文翻译：

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产微囊藻毒素和非产微囊藻毒素微囊藻对苍白摇蚊​​行为和生活史性状的影响

该属的物种是全世界富营养化湖泊中最臭名昭著的蓝藻之一，能够对许多水生生物产生不利影响。在表层沉积物中，可以被底栖大型无脊椎动物摄入。然而，对生活史特征的潜在负面影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们研究了不同饮食对（双翅目、摇蚊科）特定行为（挖洞活动、运动能力）和生活史特征的影响。我们还研究了微囊藻毒素产生和温度（15、20 和 25 °C）胁迫对摇蚊幼虫的交互影响。结果表明，三组饲料对幼虫累积羽化和挖洞活动的抑制作用更为严重。喂食组的运动能力（即运动距离和速度）和成年干重显着下降。当幼虫被喂食 和 的混合物时，运动受到显着抑制，死亡率增加，这可能是毒素相加或协同作用的结果。在低温胁迫下，幼虫运动能力和生长能力均较弱，羽化成虫多为雄性。无论是在低温还是高温条件下，都会导致累积羽化量减少，性比失衡，从种群角度抑制了幼虫的繁殖。第四龄幼虫比其他龄虫表现出更好的适应能力。因此，这项研究强调了产生微囊藻毒素对 的不利影响。它还提供了关于环境因素如何影响摇蚊幼虫的行为和生活史特征，以及它们如何应对蓝藻水华和全球变暖的新视角。