Concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies have been developed over the past four decades for commercial operation, establishing them as reliable power generation sources in regions with high direct solar irradiance. The sizing of the solar field, thermal energy storage systems, and power block enables CSP plants to operate under various operating conditions, while also exhibiting capabilities to generate multiple products such as electricity, heat, desalination, and cooling. The limitations of CSP systems can be reduced by utilizing the positive traits of other technologies, thus resulting in hybrid plant configurations that can fully exploit different technology strengths while minimizing their individual weaknesses. This review presents the state of the art on CSP stand-alone plants for both power generation and combined generation of different products. Subsequently, the characteristics of CSP plants hybridized with photovoltaics, wind, fossil fuels, and biomass systems are discussed for both power multiple-product generation. The review of assessment methodologies provides suggestions for both assessment and performance analysis and comparison with other generation technologies. This review shows that hybrid CSP plants have clear advantages in terms of cost, flexibility of operation, adaptability, and capability for the multigeneration of different products compared with stand-alone plants used to generate each product individually. Hybrid CSP plants have advantages and can be designed to satisfy multiple demands on a case-by-case basis and are valid alternatives to combinations of stand-alone plants.

中文翻译：

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混合和多联产聚光太阳能发电厂的集成方案

在过去的四年中，聚光太阳能 (CSP) 技术已经开发用于商业运营，使其成为具有高直接太阳辐照度的地区的可靠发电来源。太阳能场、热能存储系统和电源块的大小使 CSP 工厂能够在各种运行条件下运行，同时还展示了生产多种产品的能力，如电力、热能、海水淡化和冷却。通过利用其他技术的积极特性，可以减少 CSP 系统的局限性，从而产生可以充分利用不同技术优势同时最大限度地减少各自弱点的混合电厂配置。本综述介绍了用于发电和不同产品联合发电的 CSP 独立发电厂的最新技术。随后，讨论了与光伏、风能、化石燃料和生物质系统混合的 CSP 发电厂的特性，以用于多产品发电。评估方法的审查为评估和性能分析以及与其他发电技术的比较提供了建议。本综述表明，与用于单独生产每种产品的独立工厂相比，混合 CSP 工厂在成本、操作灵活性、适应性和多代不同产品的能力方面具有明显优势。