Background

Skin cancer has been the leading type of cancer worldwide. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are now the most common types of skin cancer that have been reached to epidemic proportion. Based on the rapid prevalence of skin cancers, and lack of efficient drug delivery systems, it is essential to surge the possible ways to prevent or cure the disease.

Aim of review

Although surgical modalities and therapies have been made great progress in recent years, however, there is still an urgent need to alleviate its increased burden. Hence, understanding the precise pathophysiological signaling mechanisms and all other factors of such skin insults will be beneficial for the development of more efficient therapies.

Key scientific concepts of review

In this review, we explained new understandings about onset and development of skin cancer and described its management via polymeric micro/nano carriers-based therapies, highlighting the current key bottlenecks and future prospective in this field. In therapeutic drug/gene delivery approaches, polymeric carriers-based system is the most promising strategy. This review discusses that how polymers have successfully been exploited for development of micro/nanosized systems for efficient delivery of anticancer genes and drugs overcoming all the barriers and limitations associated with available conventional therapies. In addition to drug/gene delivery, intelligent polymeric nanocarriers platforms have also been established for combination anticancer therapies including photodynamic and photothermal, and for theranostic applications. This portfolio of latest approaches could promote the blooming growth of research and their clinical availability.

中文翻译：

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皮肤癌生物学和治疗障碍：聚合物微/纳米结构的最新应用

背景

皮肤癌一直是全世界主要的癌症类型。黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌是目前最常见的皮肤癌类型，已达到流行比例。由于皮肤癌的快速流行以及缺乏有效的药物输送系统，有必要增加预防或治疗该疾病的可能方法。

审查目的

尽管近年来手术方式和治疗方法取得了很大进展，但仍迫切需要减轻其增加的负担。因此，了解此类皮肤损伤的精确病理生理信号机制和所有其他因素将有利于开发更有效的疗法。

审查的关键科学概念

在这篇综述中，我们解释了对皮肤癌发病和发展的新认识，并描述了通过基于聚合物微/纳米载体的疗法对其进行管理，强调了该领域当前的关键瓶颈和未来前景。在治疗药物/基因递送方法中，基于聚合物载体的系统是最有前途的策略。这篇综述讨论了如何成功地利用聚合物来开发微/纳米系统，以有效地递送抗癌基因和药物，克服与现有常规疗法相关的所有障碍和限制。除了药物/基因递送之外，还建立了智能聚合物纳米载体平台，用于联合抗癌疗法（包括光动力和光热）以及治疗诊断应用。这一系列最新方法可以促进研究的蓬勃发展及其临床可用性。