This paper analyzes the more than 70,000 police use of force incidents in New Jersey from 2012 to 2016 to examine the association of a citizen’ s race and ethnicity with the likelihood of officers pointing a firearm, shooting, and the number of shots discharged. Our study suggests that Black and Hispanic New Jerseyans are not more likely to experience force incidents involving a firearm relative to other citizens who experience police use of force, however this relationship is conditioned on the size of the place the incident occured. Black residents of smaller municipalities are almost twice as likely (OR = 1.70), and Hispanic residents more than twice as likely (OR = 2.30), than white citizens to have an officer pull their service weapon out during a stop. Furthermore, among all use of force incidents where a gun is brandished by police, Black and Hispanic residents are more likely to be shot, and shot numerous times compared to white citizens. While some of the relationship between race and force is mediated by crime type and subject behavior, a relationship between race and force remains. The need for systematic data reporting from smaller agencies and implications for research and policy are discussed.

本文分析了新泽西州 2012 年至 2016 年发生的 70,000 多起警察使用武力事件，以检验公民的种族和民族与警察使用枪支的可能性、开枪和开枪次数之间的关联。我们的研究表明，与其他经历过警察使用武力的公民相比，黑人和西班牙裔新泽西人不太可能经历涉及枪支的武力事件，但是这种关系取决于事件发生地点的大小。与白人公民相比，较小城市的黑人居民几乎是白人公民的两倍 (OR = 1.70) 和西班牙裔居民的两倍多 (OR = 2.30)。此外，在警察挥舞枪支的所有使用武力事件中，与白人公民相比，黑人和西班牙裔居民更容易被枪杀，而且被枪杀了很多次。虽然种族与武力之间的某些关系是由犯罪类型和主体行为介导的，但种族与武力之间的关系仍然存在。讨论了较小机构对系统数据报告的需求以及对研究和政策的影响。