Carbon dioxide conversion processes are promising alternatives to reduce its industrial emissions. Most innovative processes are still at a low technological readiness level, and thermodynamic assessments are essential for their development. Thus, this work briefly describes the main aspects of thermodynamic analysis and its application for evaluating specific issues of carbon dioxide conversion reactions. The thermodynamic chemical equilibrium is briefly described. Several carbon dioxide conversion reactions to higher-value products are studied, regarding their thermochemistry and influences of temperature, pressure, and solvent (gas and liquid). Thermodynamic analyses are applied to two case studies of carbon dioxide conversion reactions to formic and acetic acids. High pressures, low temperatures, absence of a gas solvent, and abundant suitable liquids likely enhance the carbon dioxide conversion to the most promising products.

中文翻译：

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二氧化碳转化反应的热力学分析。案例研究：甲酸和乙酸合成

二氧化碳转化过程是减少其工业排放的有前途的替代方法。大多数创新过程仍处于较低的技术准备水平，热力学评估对其发展至关重要。因此，这项工作简要描述了热力学分析的主要方面及其在评估二氧化碳转化反应的具体问题中的应用。简要描述了热力学化学平衡。研究了几种二氧化碳转化为更高价值产品的反应，涉及它们的热化学以及温度、压力和溶剂（气体和液体）的影响。热力学分析适用于二氧化碳转化为甲酸和乙酸的两个案例研究。高压、低温、无气体溶剂、