Chrysanthemum is a globally important crop associated with a variety of ornamental products including cut flowers, potted plants, and garden varieties, and high demand for such products has facilitated the development of higher-performing varieties that better meet customer and market requirements. However, chrysanthemum breeding is challenging owing to its complex genetic background and limited knowledge of its genetics and ploidy. To provide more information for breeding material identification in chrysanthemum, we performed both morphological and cytogenetic analysis of 11 chrysanthemum cultivars from Korea. Morphological evaluation of the 11 cultivars revealed that cultivar ‘Green Diamond’ had the tallest plants, ‘Orange Pangpang’ produced the longest cauline leaves, ‘Woonbaek’ had the broadest inflorescences, and ‘Snow Pop’ produced the highest number of ligulate flowers. Cytogenetic investigation suggested that seven of the cultivars (63.6%) were hexaploid (2n = 6× = 54), and the remaining four cultivars (36.4%) were hexaploid-based aneuploids. The cultivars also differed in total chromosome length and in the number 18S rDNA signals, which were located at terminal sites of the short arms. However, all 11 cultivars possessed three pairs of 5S rDNA loci, and those signals were located at interstitial locations of the long arms. These findings will be useful for breeding stock selection, cultivar identification, global communication of new cultivars, and germplasm enhancement.

菊花是一种全球重要的作物，与切花、盆栽植物和园艺品种等多种观赏产品相关，对此类产品的高需求促进了更能满足客户和市场需求的更高性能品种的开发。然而，菊花育种由于其复杂的遗传背景和对其遗传学和倍性的了解有限而具有挑战性。为了为菊花育种材料鉴定提供更多信息，我们对来自韩国的 11 个菊花品种进行了形态学和细胞遗传学分析。对 11 个品种的形态学评估显示，品种“绿色钻石”的植株最高，“橙色 Pangpang”的茎生叶最长，“云白”的花序最宽，'Snow Pop' 产生了最多数量的舌状花。细胞遗传学研究表明，其中 7 个品种（63.6%）是六倍体（2n = 6× = 54），其余 4 个品种（36.4%）是基于六倍体的非整倍体。品种在染色体总长度和位于短臂末端位点的 18S rDNA 信号数量方面也不同。然而，所有 11 个品种都拥有 3 对 5S rDNA 基因座，这些信号位于长臂的间隙位置。这些发现将有助于育种选择、品种鉴定、新品种的全球传播和种质改良。4%) 是基于六倍体的非整倍体。品种在染色体总长度和位于短臂末端位点的 18S rDNA 信号数量方面也不同。然而，所有 11 个品种都拥有 3 对 5S rDNA 基因座，这些信号位于长臂的间隙位置。这些发现将有助于育种选择、品种鉴定、新品种的全球传播和种质改良。4%) 是基于六倍体的非整倍体。品种在染色体总长度和位于短臂末端位点的 18S rDNA 信号数量方面也不同。然而，所有 11 个品种都拥有 3 对 5S rDNA 基因座，这些信号位于长臂的间隙位置。这些发现将有助于育种选择、品种鉴定、新品种的全球传播和种质改良。