Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a gluten-free cereal with many varieties containing greater amounts of bioactive compounds than other grains. In this work, the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity were compared in three sorghum varieties grown in the Mediterranean, consisting of different pericarp colors: white, red, and black. The qualitative and quantitative profiles of acidified aqueous methanol extracts of whole grain sorghum flours were elucidated through ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) and ion trap time-of-flight (IT-TOF) mass spectrometry. The investigated sorghum varieties contained polyamines, such as spermidines, and polyphenolic compounds belonging to different classes: hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavones, and flavanones. Pyrano-flavanone-flavanols were detected only in the black sorghum. Precolumn and postcolumn 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)· radical scavenging assays to determine the main antioxidant compounds isolated from sorghum were developed. These results will further help develop sorghum varieties containing polyphenols relevant to the potential prevention of human diseases.

中文翻译：

---

地中海地区白、红、黑高粱品种籽粒酚类化合物含量及抗氧化能力比较

高粱 ( Sorghum bicolorL.) 是一种无麸质谷物，许多品种含有比其他谷物更多的生物活性化合物。在这项工作中，比较了地中海地区种植的三种高粱品种的酚类成分和抗氧化能力，这些品种由不同的果皮颜色组成：白色、红色和黑色。通过超高效液相色谱 (UHPLC) 与光电二极管阵列 (PDA) 和离子阱飞行时间 (IT-TOF) 质谱联用，阐明了全谷物高粱粉的酸化甲醇水溶液提取物的定性和定量特征。所研究的高粱品种含有多胺，如亚精胺，以及属于不同类别的多酚化合物：羟基肉桂酸、黄烷醇、黄酮和黄烷酮。吡喃-黄烷酮-黄烷醇仅在黑高粱中检测到。开发了柱前和柱后 2,2'-二苯基-1-苦基肼 (DPPH)·自由基清除试验，用于测定从高粱中分离的主要抗氧化化合物。这些结果将进一步帮助开发含有与潜在预防人类疾病相关的多酚的高粱品种。