European Journal of Phycology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-16 , DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2021.1880643 Viviana Peña 1 , David Bélanger 2 , Patrick Gagnon 3 , Joseph L. Richards 4 , Line Le Gall 5 , Jeffery R. Hughey 6 , Gary W. Saunders 7 , Sandra C. Lindstrom 8 , Eli Rinde 9 , Vivian Husa 10 , Hartvig Christie 9 , Stein Fredriksen 11 , Jason M. Hall-Spencer 12, 13 , Robert S. Steneck 14 , Kathryn M. Schoenrock 15 , Janne Gitmark 9 , Ellen Sofie Grefsrud 10 , Marc B. Anglès d’Auriac 9 , Erwann Legrand 10 , Jacques Grall 16 , Thomas F. Mumford 17 , Nicholas A. Kamenos 18 , Paul W. Gabrielson 19
ABSTRACT
Coralline red algae in the non-geniculate genera Clathromorphum, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion are important benthic ecosystem engineers in the photic zone of the Arctic and Subarctic. In these regions, the systematics and biogeography of Clathromorphum and Phymatolithon have mostly been resolved whereas Lithothamnion has not, until now. Seventy-three specific and infraspecific names were given to Arctic and Subarctic Lithothamnion specimens in the late 19th and early 20th century by Frans R. Kjellman and Mikael H. Foslie. DNA sequences from 36 type specimens, five historical specimens, and an extensive sampling of recent collections resulted in the recognition of four Arctic and Subarctic Lithothamnion species, L. glaciale, L. lemoineae, L. soriferum and L. tophiforme. Three genes were sequenced, two plastid-encoded, rbcL and psbA, and the mitochondrial encoded COI-5P; rbcL and COI-5P segregated L. glaciale from L. tophiforme but psbA did not. Partial rbcL sequences obtained from type collections enabled us to correctly apply the earliest available names and to correctly place the remainder in synonymy. We were unable to sequence another 22 type specimens, but all of these are more recent names than those that are now applied. It is difficult to identify these species solely on morpho-anatomy as they can all occur as encrusting corallines or as maerl (rhodoliths). We demonstrate the importance of sequencing historical type specimens by showing that the recently proposed North-east Atlantic L. erinaceum is a synonym of one of the earliest published Arctic species of Lithothamnion, L. soriferum, itself incorrectly placed in synonymy under L. tophiforme based on morpho-anatomy. Based on sequenced specimens, we update the distributions and ecology of these species.
中文翻译:
Lithothamnion(Hapalidiales,Rhodophyta)在不断变化的北极和亚北极:类型和最近标本的 DNA 测序提供了系统学基础*
摘要
非膝状体Clathromorphum、Phymatolithon和Lithothamnion属中的珊瑚红藻是北极和亚北极光带中重要的底栖生态系统工程师。在这些地区,Clathromorphum和Phymatolithon的系统学和生物地理学大部分已经解决,而Lithothamnion 直到现在还没有。北极和亚北极的Lithothamnion被赋予了 73 个特定和种下名称Frans R. Kjellman 和 Mikael H. Foslie 在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初的标本。来自 36 个类型标本、五个历史标本的 DNA 序列以及最近收集的大量样本导致识别出四种北极和亚北极石生鱼种,即L. glaciale、L. lemoineae、L. soriferum和L. tophiforme。三个基因被测序,两个质体编码,rbc L 和psb A,线粒体编码 COI-5P;rbc L 和 COI-5P 将L. glaciale与L. tophiforme 分离,但psb A 没有。部分红细胞从类型集合中获得的 L 序列使我们能够正确应用最早的可用名称并将其余部分正确放置在同义词中。我们无法对另外 22 个类型标本进行测序,但所有这些都是比现在使用的名称更近的名称。仅根据形态解剖学很难识别这些物种,因为它们都可以作为结壳的珊瑚线或 maerl(红石)出现。我们通过证明最近提出的东北大西洋L. erinaceum是最早发表的北极石生藻 L. soriferum物种之一的同义词来证明对历史类型标本进行测序的重要性,L. soriferum本身被错误地置于L. tophiforme下的同义词中基于形态解剖学。基于测序的标本,我们更新了这些物种的分布和生态。